VITAMIN A - (retinyl palmitate‚ beta-carotene‚ lutein‚ lycopene‚ mixed carotenoids) POTENTIAL BENEFITS: Helps support bone formation and cell membranes. It’s important to support the eyes‚ hair‚ skin and teeth. In other words‚ Vitamin A stimulates growth and vitality. It helps form the colour purple which is essential for night vision. It’s great for immune system functions - like fighting infection‚ colds‚ flu and bacteria. It also helps maintain the healthy function of the reproductive organs
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(2006) Immobilized yeast cell system for continuous fermentation applications Biotechnol Lett ‚ 28:1515–1525 Li M Madden D.‚ Immobilisation of yeast in calcium alginate beads‚ 2007. National Centre for Biotechnology Education‚ University of Reading. Nevoigt E.‚ Progress in Metabolic Engineering of Saccharomyces cerevisiae‚ 2008. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev.‚ 72(3) pages. 379–412. Ro‚ et al.‚ 2006. Production of the antimalarial drug precursor artemisinic acid in engineered yeast. Nature 440‚ pages‚ 940-943
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Chemical and Physical Processes of Digestion NAME: LAB TIME/DATE: Carbohydrate Digestion The following questions refer to Activity 1: Assessing Starch Digestion by Salivary Amylase. 1. At what pH did you see the highest activity of salivary amylase? Why? 2. How do you know that the amylase did not have any contaminating maltose? 3. What effect did boiling have on enzyme activity? Why? 4. Describe the substrate and the subunit product of amylase. The following questions refer
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catalysts are highly selective to their substrate. Almost every chemical reaction that occurs in a cell requires enzymes in order to occur at rates required for the sustenance of life. Enzymes have an active site which has a complimentary base to a specific substrate‚ when these bind an enzyme-substrate complex is formed. There are two hypotheses for the formation of an enzyme-substrate complex; the lock and key hypothesis explains that only one substrate (they key) will fit into the active site
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AS Biology Unit 1 page 1 AQA AS Biology Unit 1 Contents Specification Biological Molecules Cells Human Physiology Disease Appendices Chemical bonds Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Biochemical Tests Enzymes Eukaryotic Cells Prokaryotic Cells Cell Fractionation Microscopy The Cell Membrane Movement across Cell Membranes Exchange The Gas Exchange System Lung Diseases The Heart Coronary Heart Disease The Digestive System Cholera Lifestyle and Disease Defence
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Michelle Gordon‚ TJ (Group 4) Section 33 Yeast Cell Respiration 10/04/2010 Part B: Explanation of Results All cells carry out the process of cell respiration in order to meet their energy needs. It is advantageous for cells to have the ability to metabolize different substrates. In this experiment‚ we investigated each sugar’s (glucose‚ lactose‚ sucrose‚ fructose‚ and lactose/lactaid) cell respiration rate. When referring to my group’s graph and data‚ glucose ended up with the highest
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Micro-organisms Micro-organisms Micro-organisms (or microbes) are literally microscopic organisms‚ which can only be seen properly with the aid of a microscope. These include bacteria‚ microscopic fungi (moulds) and protoctists. Although viruses‚ which are even smaller than bacteria‚ are generally considered to be non- living entities‚ they might also be included here as they are important disease-causing agents. Micro-organisms are the most numerous organisms in any ecosystem. There are about 159
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binomial name given to yeast‚ which is a fungi used in brewing‚ baking and wine making. In brewing yeast is added to the cooled wort in the fermenting vessel. The yeast is initially exposed to high oxygen levels so they can divide‚ but then conditions become anaerobic and the yeast converts the sugars to ethanol and carbon dioxide. After this the yeast is filtered out leaving beer‚ but the yeast can be reused to inoculate the next batch or sold for products such as Marmite‚ yeast extract. Cheese is another
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provides the energy for secondary active transport. This energy drives the transport of three types of nutrients inside the cell‚ the uncharged molecules (sugars‚ neutral amino acids) the anionic substrates (chloride‚ phosphate‚ sulfate‚ lactate‚ acetate and anionic amino acids) and cationic substrates (K+‚ NH4+‚ Na+‚
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equation for this reaction is: 6CO2 + 6H2O+ light energy ---> C6H12O6 + 6O2 Sugars created in photosynthesis can be later converted by the plant to starch for storage‚ or it can be combined with other sugar molecules to form specialized carbohydrates such as cellulose‚ or it can be combined with other nutrients such as nitrogen‚ phosphorus‚ and sulfur‚ to build complex
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