structures of compounds 3-7 were confirmed by their spectral data. Their IR spectra revealed the disappearance of the characteristic hydrazide carbonyl and cyano absorption bands. The 1H NMR spectra showed signals corresponding to the two methylene protons in addition to the aryl and NH proton of the 1‚2‚4-triazole ring.
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Carbohydrates are the product that made up from carbon‚ hydrogen and oxygen. Carbohydrates are form by the combination of carbon dioxide and water molecules. The carbohydrates contain two specific functional group in it which is the hydroxyl groups and carbonyl groups.A reducing sugar is a type of sugar with is an aldehyde group.This means that sugar can act as a reducing agent.The procces of reducing sugar is isomerisation‚example of reducing sugar islactose‚maltose‚glucose and fructose.All monosaccharides
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Discussion: In this experiment a ketone‚ 9-fluorenone is reduced to and alcohol. The are two possible ways by which this reduction can occur. One is by a catalytic hydrogenation‚ this uses a catalyst such as palladium or nickel‚ hydrogen gas‚ and heat/pressure. This can reduced an alkane to alkene. This catalytic process is preferred in industrial practices because the cost is low in the long run and more importantly there is little to no waste expense. However‚ hydrogen gas is dangerous due to
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_____________________________________________________________________________________ Introduction Carboxylic acids and their derivatives are among the most abundant of organic compounds‚ both in the laboratory and in living organisms. They are a type of carbonyl group that contains a carbon double bonded to an oxygen. Figure 1. General Structure of Carboxylic Acid The melting points and boiling points of carboxylic acids are higher than those of hydrocarbons and oxygen-containing organic compounds of
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Introduction: Hurler Syndrome (MPS-I)‚ otherwise classified as Mucopolysaccharidosis‚ is the most severe form of this disease and is caused by cells being unable to break down dermatan sulfate and heparan sulfate during regular metabolism(Laberge‚ 2010). The build up of these two by-products disturbs regular cell functionality and this may cause damage within the tissues of organs (Laberge‚ 2010). Two major symptoms found within an individual with Hurler Syndrome are skeletal deformities and
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a combination of three or more units of monosaccharides put together. Carbohydrates are formed by the combination of carbon dioxide and water molecules. The carbohydrates contain two specific functional groups in which are the hydroxyl groups and carbonyl groups. In the carbohydrates‚ if the sugar contains aldehyde group it called reducing sugar and called non-reducing sugar if didn’t have the aldehyde group. The Benedict’s test shows us which sugars are reducing or non-reducing. Benedict’s reagent
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carbon bond as well as the alpha carbon to the carbonyl group. The bond between the amino and the alpha carbon are called (phi bonds) whereas the bonds between the alpha carbon and the carbonyl group are called (psi bonds). 5. What are the φ and ψ angles? How are they measured? What are the possible values for each? The bond between the amino and the alpha carbon are called (phi bonds) whereas the bonds between the alpha carbon and the carbonyl group are called (psi bonds). The (phi) and (psi)
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The purpose of this experiment was to perform a wittig reaction‚ the horner-emmons wittig specifically‚ reacting an aldehyde with an ylide to make an alkene. This particular variation of the wittig reaction has several advantages: It gives only the trans product; it uses a much milder base that is easier to handle; and it gives a water soluble byproduct which is easy to separate from the product. The reason that these advantages occur is a change in the structure of the ylide. Instead of a tripheylphosphine
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be oxidized easily to carboxylic acids in aqueous medias and could cause over-oxidization because there is an extra hydrogen adjacent to the aldehyde. Though over-oxidization of carbonyls is possible with aldehydes‚ it is not possible with ketones. Ketones lack the easily removed hydrogen that is adjacent to the carbonyl. The goal of this experiment is to carry an oxidization of diphenylmethanol with a solid oxidant of KMnO4 and CuSO4. Scheme 5.5: KMnO4 is the oxidant in this reaction that oxidizes
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reactions. One particular reaction‚ the Grignard reaction‚ allows for a magnesium halide to add to a carbonyl group at the double-bonded oxygen‚ thus resulting in the converting of the carbonyl containing molecule into an alcohol‚ as observed in Mechanism 1. However‚ the carbonyl compound must be chosen carefully‚ for different carbonyls yield different types of alcohols. Because of the structure of the carbonyl compound‚ either a primary‚ secondary‚ or tertiary alcohol may be synthesized. This is seen
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