cycle? NADH and FADH2 16. How many of each type of energy carrier is yielded from one pyruvate molecule? 3 NADH and 1 FADH2 17. In which stage of aerobic cellular respiration will the energy carriers be used? Electron transport chain and chemiosmosis 18. What waste product is expelled during the Krebs cycle and how many molecules of it are produced per molecule of acetyl CoA? 2 CO2 19. Summarize all of the important products (and their quantities) yielded after one pyruvic acid molecule
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pyruvate into acetyl-CoA then the kreb’s cycle starts. Kreb’s cycle has three segments and nine reactions producing three NADH‚ one FADH2‚ ATP‚ and carbon dioxide. The last part of cellular respiration includes the electron transport chain and chemiosmosis the name for the movement of electrons through a gradient making
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Cellular respiration a process in which sugar and oxygen are used to produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP)‚ water‚ and carbon dioxide. The chemical equation for this reaction is C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy (ATP). Cellular respiration occurs in 4 steps: Glycolysis‚ the preparatory reaction‚ the Krebs Cycle‚ and the oxidative phosphorylation. Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell‚ in this process glucose is broken into two 3 Carbon molecules called pyruvates. The preparatory reaction
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the form of ATP Stage 1: Glycolysis Cytoplasm‚ 10 reactions‚ anaerobic Stage 2: Pyruvate Oxidation Mitochondrial matrix‚ 1 step process Stage 3: The Krebs Cycle Mitochondrial matrix‚ 8 steps in a cycle Stage 4: Electron Transport Chain & Chemiosmosis (Oxidative Phosphorylation) Mitochondrial membrane‚ various steps ATP Formation Substrate Level Phosphorylation: ATP formed directly Enzyme-catalyzed reaction A compound that has phosphate in it‚ transfers a phosphate group directly to
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There are many differences between photosynthesis and cellular respiration. Photosynthesis requires energy as photons. Cellular respiration supplies energy in the form of ATP. In photosynthesis‚ electron transport occurs in the membranes of chloroplasts or thylakoid discs. Cellular respiration takes place in the membranes of mitochondria. In photosynthesis‚ water breaks down to supply 2 electrons and 2 Hydrogen ions and release ½ O at the beginning of the chain. In cellular respiration‚ 2 electrons
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Unit 2. Chapters 9-16. Cell Processes 1. Cellular Respiration‚ Photosynthesis‚ Cell Cycle‚ Mitosis‚ Meiosis‚ & Genetics. Note A: All work must be hand-written‚ including charts & diagrams. Note B: each answer requires more than one sentence & use diagrams whenever possible; failure to use diagrams will result in less points. Chapter 9 Outline 1) Principles of Energy Conservation a) Cellular respiration and fermentation are catabolic(energy – yielding) pathways b) Cells must recycle the ATP
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selectivity at the porin entrance. Control influx of proton across the outer membrane 3. Protein influx inhibited by chemiosmotic gradient Inhibit the influx of protons using a chemiosmotic barrier against the proton gradient (higher lower) Chemiosmosis : diffusion of hydrogen ion across the biological membrane via transport protein due to a proton gradient that form on the other side of the membrane. 4.Excess proton pumped out of the cell Active proton pumping Remove excess protons from
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Several things occur in the Krebs cycle. It takes place in the mitochondrial matrix. The electron transport chain is located in the cristae of a mitochondria. The enzymes used during the Krebs cycle are found within the mitochondrial matrix excluding succinate dehydrogenase‚ which is bound to the inner mitochondrial membrane. Protein complexes located in the inner membrane perform the transfer and the gradual release of energy is used to pump protons into the intermembrane space of the mitochondria
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Assignment in Science Description of: 1. Thermophiles 2. Halophiles 3. Methanogens Submitted by: Honey Micah N. Honrubia Submitted to: Dr. Mercado Thermophiles Thermophiles are micro-organisms that live and grow in extremely hot environments. They are a type of extremophile (an organism that thrives in physically or geochemically extreme conditions). They can be grouped into procaryotes‚ and are classified in Archaea. They thrive at high temperatures‚ between 45˚C and 122˚C. Thermophiles
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chain will be blocked‚ which means the hydrogen ion cannot pass the membrane from the inner to outside and the concentration of hydrogen ion of both side will be balanced. Therefore the diffusion will stopped and no more ATP will be produced by chemiosmosis. Also‚ the number of NADH will increased‚ in contrast‚ the NAD+ will reduced‚ and the rate of the process of Glycolysis and The Citric Acid Cycle will slow down‚ The whole metabolism system will be delayed or stopped. Without the energy the organ
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