phosphates are the key to the activity of ATP. Especially‚ the bond between the last phosphate and second to last phosphate is very unstable and when broken releases a very large amount of energy‚ which is essential to all life processes. b) First‚ chemiosmosis occurs across the inner membrane of the mitochondria which is called the cristae. Basically‚ H+ ions are pumped (via
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Chapter 6-Intro to Metabolism METABOLISM= all the chemical reactions in an organism CATABOLIC PATHWAY (CATABOLISM)• release of energy by the breakdown of complex molecules to simpler compounds EX: digestive enzymes break down food ANABOLIC PATHWAY (ANABOLISM) • consumes energy to build complicated molecules from simpler ones EX: linking amino acids to form proteins ORGANISMS TRANSFORM ENERGY ENERGY- capacity to do work KINETIC ENERGY- energy of moving objects POTENTIAL ENERGY- energy
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ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate) * 1st Law of Thermodynamics- Energy not created or destroyed 1. The sum of energy in universe- constant * 2nd Law of Thermodynamics- energy transfer results in increase entropy (less organization!!) * Adenosine is bonded to 3 phosphates 2. When cell needs energy… it splits off that 3rd P 3. Energy is released‚ ADP + P is formed‚ cell uses that energy for whatever it needs 4. Destination of the broken Phosphate??- Used as part of an endergonic
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mitochondria‚ where it is converyed to a molecule called Acetyl CoA for further breakdown. 3: The Krebs Cycle‚ or Citric Acid Cycle: Occurs in the mitochondrial matrix‚ the liquid part of the mitochondria. 4: The Electron Transport Chain and Chemiosmosis ("the big ATP payoff"). Occurs in the christae of the mirochondria‚ the folded membranes inside the chloroplast. How many Enzymes are involved in the Krebs Cycle? There are 8 enzymes involved in the cycle.These are; 1. Citrate 2. Isocitrate
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Communication‚ Homeostasis & Energy Communication & Homeostasis Outline the need for communication systems within multicellular organisms‚ with reference to the need to respond to changes in the internal and external environment and to co-ordinate the activities of different organs. Organisms need to respond to external stimuli‚ e.g. temperature‚ oxygen concentration and levels of sunlight. These may be over time‚ e.g. winter fur to summer fur‚ or quickly‚ e.g. changing size of pupils. Internal
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releases energy‚ used to generate ATP from ADP in a process called chemiosmosis • photophosphorylation – occurs in photosynthetic cells‚ which contain light-trapping pigments (chlorophyll); light cause chlorophyll to give up electrons. Energy released from the transfer of electrons (oxidation) of chlorophyll thru a system of carrier molecules is used to generate ATP. c) Oxidation – the removal of electrons d) Chemiosmosis – process whereby energy is released when protons moves along a gradient
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Tentative Lecture Schedule (If needed‚ the schedule will be revised. Please use Bb Learn for updates) Week Date Topic 2- Sept 1 Labor Day (University closed) Sept 3 What are the major components of the cell? Cells & organelles; organelle dynamics. What happens to a cell when an organelle malfunctions? Students who have not completed ALL of the assignments will be administratively dropped from the course Describe the structure of the plasma membrane. How does its structure
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Aerobic cellular respiration and oxygenic photosynthesis are two cellular processes that have evolved in similar ways. Cellular respiration is responsible for the process of ATP‚ meanwhile oxygenic photosynthesis is the process of turning light energy into food. It is evident that both of these processes have their own reactants‚ products‚ and biochemical pathways. Both of these processes have evolved from their primitive original state‚ but it is important to understand that oxygenic photosynthesis
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Science 1. A‚ because organisms need carbohydrate‚ vitamins‚ and minerals and other nutrients to gain energy and proteins to live and to continue metabolism. B‚ The amount of energy stored in macromolecules varies because their chemicals structures‚ and there for the energy contain in their chemical differ. 2. 6O2 + 62H1206 -> 6O2 + 6H2O + Energy B The process of cellular respiration provides the energy a cell needs to carry processes‚ which in turn control the cell’s internal conditions.
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membrane during the production of oxygen. The source of these electrons are NADH and FADH2 which are the key molecules in this process and as these electrons are passed along this series of enzymes‚ they give up energy which is used to carry out chemiosmosis by which H+ ions are actively transported across the inner mitochondrial membrane into the outer mitochondrial compartment. Next‚ the H+ ions then flow back through special pores in the membrane‚ and the process is thought to drive the process
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