Chapter 4 Downstream Processing Objectives Student should be able to Define filtration‚ centrifugation‚ cell disruption‚ solvent extraction‚ chromatography‚ membrane process‚ action of force field‚ evaporation & drying Explain briefly on the concept of each topics stated above List out the uses & importance of each topic stated Introduction Each stage in the overall recovery procedure is strongly dependent on the history & quality of the biological production process. Maximization of
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a solvent tend to pass through a semipermeable membrane from a less concentrated solution into a more concentrated one‚ thus equalizing the concentrations on each side of the membrane. In this experiment‚ we learn about Osmosis and Diffusion through potato cores in different concentration of sucrose‚ (water‚ .2‚ .4‚ .6‚ .8‚ 1.0). We realized that the lower the concentration‚ the higher the potato cores weighed. Introduction:All cells have membranes that are selectively permeable. In other words
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Lead is a metal that occurs naturally in the earth’s crust‚ but human activity‚ such as mining‚ burning fossil fuels and manufacturing‚ has caused it to become more widespread. This element‚ however‚ has no known purpose that can be beneficial for humanity. Rather‚ it is an extremely harmful chemical that can cause serious damage and even potentially death when at high concentrations. Events‚ like the one in Flint‚ Michigan‚ where shortcuts by the government caused serious lead poisoning in the town
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Sample Paper- 2013 Sub: Biology Class-XI Time: 3Hrs. M.M.70 General Instructions:- a. All Questions are compulsory. b. The question paper consists of 30 questions divided into four sections A‚ B‚ C and D. The section A contains 1-8 questions of 1 mark each‚ the section B consists of 9-18 question of 2 marks each‚ the section C has 19-27 question of 3 marks each and section D includes 28-30 question of 5 marks each. c. There is no overall choice. However‚ internal choice has
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learned that the primary structure of a cell membrane is made up of a double layer of phospholipids molecules. The hydrophilic heads of the phospholipid molecules face outwards towards the water base solutions inside and outside the cell. The membrane is also made up of proteins‚ carbohydrate molecules‚ and cholesterol that form gates and pores‚ cell recognition‚ and stability. Active transport is used when a cell needs a substance to cross the membrane against its concentration gradient using protein
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Increasing Sucrose Concentrations Causes the Osmotic Concentrations of Disks of Potato Tubers to Decrease Abstract: Introduction: The biological membranes are composed of phospholipid bilayers‚ each phospholipid with hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails‚ and proteins. This arrangement of the proteins and lipids produces a selectively permeable membrane. Many kinds of molecules surround or are contained within cells‚ but water is perhaps the single most important molecule in any living system (Hayden
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A pump is a protein that hydrolyses ATP in order to transport a particular solute through a membrane in order to generate an electrochemical gradient to confer certain membrane potential characteristics on it. This gradient is of interest as an indicator of the state of the cell through parameters such as the Nernst potential. In terms of membrane transport the gradient is of interest as it contributes to increased system entropy in the co-transport of substances against their gradient. One of the
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take away the sodium chloride solution and add water. 2 Explain what happened to the cells in sodium chloride solution using biological terms. Try to include these words. cytoplasm diffusion water solvent dissolved salts solute cell membrane vacuole cell wall osmosis plasmolysis turgid flaccid turgor 3 Explain what happened to the cells when you replaced the surrounding sodium chloride solution with water. Try to include the words from the list again. 4 What prevents
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Remarkably‚ cytoplasm liquefies when shaken or stirred. Cytoplasm can be referred to as cytosol‚ which means cell substance. Cytoplasm is the substance where all of the other organelles are suspended and held together by a fatty membrane. The cytoplasm is found inside the cell membrane‚ surrounding the nuclear envelope and the cytoplasmic organelles. Under a microscope‚ cytoplasm appears as a three-dimensional lattice of thin protein-rich strands. In other words‚ cytoplasm is like a fence that is made up
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Formal Scientific Lab Report Osmosis Katy Hunter 10-26-2012 Abstract: The objectives of this lab was to be able to create models of cells with the dialysis tubing to show us how the plasma membrane is selectively permeable‚ to study the effects of osmosis on a model cell‚ and to foresee the effect of solute concentration on osmosis. In order to achieve these objectives‚ we had to fill the dialysis tubing with either water‚ or different amounts of sucrose. We then tied off the tubes and put
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