Pathogenesis Hypotension and Toxic Shock Syndrome (TSS) * Toxic shock syndrome (TSS) is a bacterial toxin * Causative pathogens include certain strains of: * Sta. Aureus (TSST-1) * Str. Pyrogenes (Str. Pyogenes exotoxins) Str. Pyogenes – Cause of Group A Streptococci * Spherical * Gram-positive bacterium * Displays streptococcal Group A Ag on cell wall * releases Str. Pyrogenic exotoxins A Role of Superantigens in Staphylococcal and Streptococcal Toxic Shock
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of the time. The bottom number is your diastolic pressure. • It is considered high if it is over 90 most of the time. • It is considered normal if it is below 80 most of the time. nlm.nih.gov Nursing Diagnosis for Hypertension Decreased Cardiac Output related to increased afterload‚ vasoconstriction‚ myocardial ischemia‚ ventricular hypertrophy Nursing Intervention for Hypertension • Monitor blood pressure • Note the central and peripheral pulse quality • Auscultation of heart and
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Practice Examination For HESI exit Part One You will have two hours and 30 minutes to complete Part One. 1. Which of the following describes a preterm neonate? A. A neonate weighing less than 2‚500 g (5 lb‚ 8 oz). B. A low-birth-weight neonate. C. A neonate born at less than 37 weeks ’ gestation regardless of weight. D. A neonate diagnosed with intrauterine growth retardation. 2. A client with type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus has just learned she ’s pregnant. The nurse is teaching her
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mismatching occurs in ARDS. Alveoli collapse because of the inflammatory infiltrate‚ blood‚ fluid‚ and surfactant dysfunction. Small airways are narrowed because of interstitial fluid and bronchial obstruction. The lung compliance becomes markedly decreased (stiff lungs)‚ and the result is a characteristic decrease in functional residual capacity and severe hypoxemia. The blood determines to the lung or gas exchange is pumped through the non ventilated‚ non functioning areas of the lung‚ causing a shunt
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(STEMI) versus a non-ST elevation MI (non-STEMI) based on ECG changes.[14] The phrase heart attack is sometimes used incorrectly to describe sudden cardiac death‚ which may or may not be the result of acute myocardial infarction. A heart attack is different from‚ but can be the cause of cardiac arrest‚ which is the stopping of the heartbeat‚ and cardiac arrhythmia‚ an abnormal heartbeat. It is also distinct from heart failure‚ in which the pumping action of the heart is impaired; however severe myocardial
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Shift to the right: decreased hemoglobin affinity for oxygen exists; therefore oxygen is more readily released to the tissues. Can be caused by acidemia‚ increased temperature‚ anemia‚ chronic hypoxemia‚ and low cardiac output states. When conditions exist where the curve has shifted to the right‚ the PaO2 is higher than expected at the normal curve. Shift to the left: hemoglobin affinity for oxygen increases and hemoglobin clings to oxygen. Can be caused by alkalemia‚ decreased temperature‚ high altitude
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cause an increased potassium level | * Treatment Hypokalemia: *Admin potassium supplements orally or IV. * *Oral forms of Potassium are unpleasant tasting and irritating to GI tract ( do not give on empty stomach; dilute) * *Assess urinary output‚ prior to admin * *Encourage foods high in potassium (bananas‚ oranges‚ cantaloupes‚ avocados‚ spinach‚ potatoes) * * * Treatment Hyperkalemia: Eliminate parenteral potassium from IV infusions and medications * *Admin 50% glucose with
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upright position to breathe (note exact number of pillows used) Cyanosis/Pallor dusky blue mottling of the skin and mucous membranes due to excessive amount of reduced hemoglobin in the blood‚ occurs with myocardial infarction or low cardiac output states as a result of decreased tissue perfusion Nocturia Recumbency at night promotes fluid reabsorption and excretion this occurs with heart failure in the person who is ambulatory during the day Location of the Apical Impulse Located at the 5th left intercostal
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hypertension. PAH‚ according to nurse Vacca is prevalent amongst patients ages 30s or 40s and are more common in female rather than male patients. This condition is usually asymptomatic but some patients can exhibit exertional dyspnea caused by low cardiac output during the early stages of the condition. However‚ he said that a patient could also develop signs and symptoms of right-sided heart failure because the right ventricle could no longer overcome the high mean PA pressure. Some of the signs and
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of the requirement for the fourth year of B.Sc. Nursing Programme. We were provided 8 weeks of the clinical practice‚ at Shahid Gangalal National Heart Center. During our 8 weeks of clinical exposure each student had to do a detailed study of one cardiac problem. During my clinical exposure to Coronary Care Unit (CCU) for 1 week I got an opportunity to take case for study. We had morning‚ evening and night duty for complete exposure to clinical picture. Regarding this process‚ I would like to express
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