Leon Ferstinger in 1957 developed a theory of cognitive dissonance. His theory sugguest that we all have an inner drive to stay true to our attitudes and beliefs to keep a balanced life. When Ferstinger first introduced the term cognitive dissonance to indicate the discomfort we feel whenever we inconsistent notions at the same time. This discomfort or dissonance motivates us to expend behavioral effort to reduce it and restore cognitive consistency Cognitive dissonance is a situation that involes
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elements in the behaviourist perspective‚ which are classical conditioning‚ operant conditioning and the social learning theory. The main assumptions made by the behaviourists are • That scientific methods should be used to study only behaviour that is observable • The environment (i.e. the people or events in it) causes our behaviour • The two ways in which we learn from the environment are through classical and operant conditioning. The classical conditioning theory was developed by a Russian
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Cognitive and behavior therapies are two common strategies used in psychology. Cognitive therapy is a type of psychotherapy that is short-term and focused on a wide variety of psychological problems including‚ but not limited to: depression‚ eating disorders‚ anxiety‚ panic‚ substance or alcohol abuse‚ and so on. Behavioral therapy can be described as a term for types of therapy that treat mental illnesses—it is commonly used to identify self-destructive performances and most times help change them
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Miller and Dollard proposed the theory of social learning. In 1963 Bandura and Walters broadened the social learning theory with the principles of observational learning and vicarious reinforcement. Bandura provided his concept of self-efficacy in 1977‚ while he refuted the traditional learning theory for understanding learning. The Social Cognitive Theory is a theory that deals with cognitive‚ emotional aspects and aspects of behavior for understanding behavioral change. It is a belief that people
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(Slide intro) ED 636 English for Graduate Students Professor Birte Bolte-Chuychunu Topic: Reducing ethnocentric belief and increasing intercultural communication Ethnocentric beliefs does not cook rice‚ nor does it boil potatoes‚ neither steams up noodles‚ nor simmers corn. However variety does spicy up life. Think of your ethnocentric beliefs as a take away meal. After consuming it throw away all the packages. Your body only needs the nutrients and disposes the waste material.
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found helpful for people with depression. The two effective types are cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and interpersonal therapy (IPT). IPT is structured time limited therapy aimed at addressing issues related to interpersonal role changes and loss. It focuses on four primary domains: dealing with interpersonal role disputes adjusting to the loss of a relationship‚ acquiring a new relationship‚ and identifying and correcting social skills deficits. CBT helps people with depression restructure negative
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A Behavioral Theory of the Firm by Richard M. Cyert and James G. March This book explains the model that the authors created for administrative decision making. The basis for the model the authors created has two main ideas: (1) it includes a comprehensive set of changeable categories; (2) it has a set of relational concepts. The classic model had two basic assumptions. The first assumption is that making money is always the bottom-line and the second is perfect knowledge. The classic theory was
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models or theories of one cognitive process with reference to research studies (22) Human beings actively process information and it is cognitive processes that guide behavior. These cognitive processes are influenced by social and cultural factors. One of the cognitive processes is memory. Many researchers and psychologies have proved that the mind can be studies scientifically by developing theories and using a number of scientific research methods. This is demonstrated in theories and models
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Behavioral and Social/Cognitive Approaches to Forming Habits David Hampton PSY/250 August 18‚ 2014 Laurel Taron Behavioral and Social/Cognitive Approaches to Forming Habits Habits are formed from a person or individuals environment and mostly from our parents consistently making and instilling in our being how to take care of our selves. In this paper the writer will address a habit that is consistent within his or her lifestyle. In addition the writer will analysis the habit‚ determine how that
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Use of Prayer and Scripture in Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy Liberty University Use of Prayer and Scripture in Cognitive Behavior-Therapy Summary Use of Prayer and Scripture in Cognitive-Behavior Therapy can be found in the Journal of Psychology and Christianity. The author‚ Stan Yang-Tan‚ covers the apposite use of applying prayer and scripture to the 30-year-old process of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) (p.101). With an array of psychological disorders‚ the
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