1937 – introduced by Prof. Hans Molisch Derived from the Greek words: Allelon = of each other Pathos = to suffer Definition ¨ 1996 - The International Allelopathy Society: “Any process involving secondary metabolites produced by plants‚ micro-organisms‚ viruses‚ and fungi that influence the growth and development of agricultural and biological systems (excluding animals)‚ including positive and negative effects” (Torres et al. 1996 in Kruse et al. 2000) Definition (simplified
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Maize (Zea mays Linn.) belongs to the Andropogoneae grass tribe of the family Gramineae. The grass originated 55-70 million years ago then subsequently diversified to include all the major cereal crop species in addition to nearly 10‚000 non-domesticated relatives (Pechanova and Pechan ‚ 2015). Maize is one of the most grown crop in the world which is highly recognized for its nutritional properties and as a source material for industrial purposes. In the Philippines‚ maize is the second most important
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FTB 302 FOREST BIOTECHNOLOGY (2+1) In fermentation industry‚ various commercial products of important economic value made by microorganisms are (1) pharmaceuticals‚ including antibiotics‚ steroids‚ human protein‚ vaccines‚ and vitamins; (2) organic acids; (3) amino acids; (4) enzymes; (5) organic solvents; and (6) synthetic fuels. Some Microbial Species Used for Producing Commercial Products. Industrial Chemicals Saccharomyces cerevisisae Ethanol (from Kluyveromyces fragilis glucose) Clostridium
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assemblage from the Rhynie chert. This chert preserved early plants in cellular detail‚ petrified in volcanic springs[2]. By the middle of the Devonian Period most of the features recognised in plants today are present‚ including roots‚ leaves and secondary wood‚ and by late Devonian times seeds had evolved.[3] Late Devonian plants had thereby reached a degree of sophistication that allowed them to form forests of tall trees. Evolutionary innovation continued after the Devonian period. Most plant groups
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Amylases are starch degradative enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of internal a-1‚ 4-0-glycosidic bonds in polysaccharides such as starch in to simple sugar (glucose and maltose). It is produced by a variety of living organisms ranging from bacteria‚ fungi to plants and humans. Enzymes are catalysts of biological processes. They are synthesized in cells by the normal machinery of protein synthesis. The structure of any enzyme is encoded by a structural gene‚ whole DNA base sequence is transcribed
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academicjournals.org/AJB ISSN 1684–5315 © 2008 Academic Journals Full Length Research Paper Use of phylloplane fungi as biocontrol agent against Colletotrichum leaf disease of rubber (Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg.) Evueh‚ G. A. and Ogbebor‚ N. O.* Plant Protection Division‚ Rubber Research Institute of Nigeria‚ PMB 1049‚ Benin City. Accepted 4 March‚ 2008 Phylloplane fungi were used as biocontrol agent against Colletotrichum leaf disease of rubber (Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg.). Aspergillus
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extract based on their polarity. The extract was run through Thin Layer Chromatography and the test confirmed the presence of polar and Non-polar compounds based on their mobility. Phytochemical screening was performed and presence of different secondary metabolites and compounds like saponin‚ reducing sugars‚ Steroids and terpenoids were confirmed. Antimicrobial activity was performed on various fractionated extracts against five pathogenic microorganisms (Bacillus subtilis‚ Staphylococcus aureus‚ klebsiella
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3. Summarize an article from a peer reviewed journal dealing with one of the topics presented in the article. The article reviewed discussed the topic of human cytotoxicity in response to exposure to glyphosate‚ its major metabolite (AMPA)‚ and the commonly added surfactant compounds found in major herbicides. Glyphosate exposure has increased world-wide at an exponential rate along with the production of genetically modified crops. Currently up to 75% of genetically modified crops are treated
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maligna‚ used either as a gargle or administered internally. In this research‚ antimicrobial activity of chili will be studied. Certain bacteria and fungal species will be the focus of the experiment. Bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus and fungi like Trichophyton rubrum Statement of the Problem The main problem of this study is to determine the antimicrobial activity of chili (Capsicum annum) extract. This study also intends to answer the following.
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chemicals to kill or inhibit predatory herbivores and competing plants. Plants that resort to this method of defense are known as allelopathic and the chemicals used by these plants are called secondary metabolites. Nowhere is the struggle for resources more vital than in the desert. The use of secondary metabolites in desert plants is believed to be one of the most common defense mechanisms in
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