Clostridium difficile. The pathogenesis of enteric clostridial infection requires two factors; the presence of these microorganisms in the intestine and a change in the enteric microenvironment. C. perfringens is a Gram-positive‚ spore-forming‚ obligately anaerobic‚ non-motile bacillus and capable of toxin production. Materials and methods Case history: A male Maltese dog‚ weighing 2.04 kg‚ was died on the way to the animal hospital with clinical signs of weakness‚ large volume of bloody diarrhea
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Bacillus anthracis This article came from the New England Journal of Medicine and was written after‚ the Anthrax scare so that Physicians would have a better understanding of the origin‚ signs/symptoms and treatment of the bacterial infection B. anthracis. This is a gram positive bacteria which is found in soil and/or water where it can lie dormant until contact with host. Portal of entry can be from a cut‚ inhaled‚ ingested or a biological vector. An open wound is always susceptible to infection
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Antibiotics are substances produced by microorganisms that kill or inhibit other microbes. They are used in the treatment of infectious disease. Antibiotics are produced in nature by molds such as Penicillium and bacteria such as Streptomyces and Bacillus. + Vaccines are substances derived from microorganisms and are used to immunize against disease. The microbes that are the cause of infectious disease are usually the ultimate source of vaccines. + Biotechnology Microbiology makes a significant
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The cell wall maintains the integrity of the cell. The cell wall helps protect the cell against the environmental changes it it allows most molecules to pass through it. This layer is composed of molecules called peptidoglycans. Just inside the cell wall is a less rigid envelope called the plasma membrane also known as the cytoplasmic membrane. In bacterial cells the plasma membrane has two primary functions: it serves as a selective barrier to molecules that are penetrating the cell wall allowing
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Exercise 5 Introduction: Many different species of bacteria look similar under the microscope and also have the same staining results (ex. Gram stain). To be able to differentiate between the different species‚ one can look at the metabolic differences (fermentation)‚ as well as the environmental condition differences (temperature‚ pH‚ oxygen requirements). Being able to manipulate these conditions in a controlled environment can help to correctly identify the exact bacteria. Different media
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Bacterial Biology █ BRIAN D. HOYLE An understanding of the fundamentals of bacterial biology is critical to bacteriologists and other forensic investigators attempting to identify potential biogenic pathogens that may be exploited as agents in biological warfare or by bioterrorists. Fundamentals of Bacterial Biology Bacteria are one-celled prokaryotic organisms that lack a true nucleus (i.e.‚ a nucleus defined by a membrane). Bacteria maintain their genetic material‚ deoxyribonucleic
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categories‚ such as‚ morphology‚ physiology‚ antibacterial susceptibility‚ selective media‚ and biochemical provide results. Both the unknown isolate and members of the Micrococcus genus were shown to be obligate aerobes. By using staining methods‚ this proved that the organism is gram positive. Morphology‚ such as‚ orange pigmentation and coccus shape provide similarities to the Micrococcus genus. Physiological tests were shown to be obligate aerobe‚ mesophile‚ neutrophile‚ and osmotolerant organism. Biochemical
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Teixobactin was also very active against Clostridium difficile and Bacillus anthracis‚ while also showing stronger bactericidal activity against S. aureus than the antibiotic vancomycin did. This indicated that teixobactin is a very strong antibiotic. On the other hand‚ most Gram-negative bacteria were not affected by teixobactin with the exception of E. coli asmB1. When further research was done‚ it was discovered that teixobactin
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MacConkey Agar test This test is used for isolating the lactose fermenting bacteria from lactose non-fermenting bacteria while inhibiting the growth of gram positive bacteria. The lack of growth from my bacteria indicates that my bacterium has negative result. Mannitol Salt Agar This test is used to observe the difference between gram positive staphylococci bacteria and to differentiate for mannitol fermentation. If a yellow media change is observed then the bacteria has the presence of
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The tests used to confirm the fermentation were a gas production test‚ pH test‚ Gram stain‚ and turbidity test. The results showed during the conversion of milk to Kefir there was gas produced‚ a decrease in pH‚ more bacteria present‚ and an increase in absorbency. The results proved that fermentation occurred with three positive confirmatory results from the gas production‚ pH‚ and turbidity tests‚ while the Gram stain test acted as a negative confirmatory test. Introduction: The main goal of
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