NH4OHused(mL) 30.50 30.30 Average Titre Volume (mL) Table 1.1: Volume of 0.1M of NH4OH used to titrate 25mL of 0.1M of HCl using phenolphthalein as indicator. 1 2 Initial Burette Reading (mL) 25.00 18.50 Final Burette Reading (mL) 49.80 43.50 NH4OH used (mL) 24.80 25.00 Average Titre Volume (mL) Table 1.2 : Volume of 0.1M of NH4OH used to titrate 25mL of 0.1M of HCl using screened methyl orange as indicator. B. Weak acid-strong base titration 1 2 Initial Burette Reading
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prepare soap. To compare the properties of soap and synthetic detergents. II. Data and Observation A. Comparison of soaps and detergents 1. Hydrolysis Observation Reaction with blue litmus paper Acetic acid + Red Benzoic acid + Red Sodium Benzoate + Red (+)-miscible (-)-immiscible (red)-acidic (blue)-basic The hydrolysis was tested with acetic acid‚ benzoic acid‚ and sodium benzoate. 2mL water was placed in a test tube and 6 drops of sample was added to each. The mixture
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Redox Titration Analysis of a Commercial Bleach Purpose To perform a redox titration. To determine the amount of hypochlorite ion present in commercial bleach. Introduction Many commercial products‚ such as bleaches and hair coloring agents‚ contain oxidizing agents. The most common oxidizing agent in bleaches is sodium hypochlorite‚ NaClO (sometimes written NaOCl). Commercial bleaches are made by bubbling chlorine gas into a sodium hydroxide solution. Some of the chlorine is oxidized
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ester formation‚ hydrolysis‚ hydroxamic acid‚ Benedict’s test‚ Chromic test‚ 2‚4-Dinitrophenylhydrazine‚ Fehling’s solution‚ Schiff’s reagent‚ Tollen’s test‚ bromine water‚ cerric ammonium nitrate‚ ferric chloride‚ esterification‚ sodium bicarbonate‚ silver nitrate‚ Barfoed’s test‚ Borax Test‚ Bial test‚ Osazones‚ Seliwanoff’s test‚ Molisch test‚ Beilstein test‚ hydroxamic test‚ sodium hydroxide hydrolysis‚ complex copper formation‚ ninhydrin test‚ nitrous acid‚ alkaline hydrolysis and‚ Zinc and ammonium
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activity on the percentage of CO2 in exhaled air [F4-Chapter 7] Q2: To study the effect of interspecific competition between maize and paddy plants on their growth. [F4-Chapter 8] 2011 Q1: To investigate the effect of pH values on the hydrolysis of starch by amylase enzyme. [F4-Chapter 4] Q2: To study the effect of light intensity on the rate of transpiration in Hibiscus sp. [F5-Chapter 1] 2012 Q1: To determine the
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FOOD AND NUTRITION & The Digestive System Lecture No. 10 FOOD AND NUTRITION Food Food is any edible material that supports growth‚ repair and maintenance of the body. Foods are substances containing nutrients Nutrients are needed for: • Cell repair • Cell growth • Energy • Protection Food Classification of foods: A. According to the source of origin 1. Animal foods 2. Plant foods B. According to the calorigenicity 1. Calorigenic foods 2. Non-Calorigenic foods C. According to the main
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Topic 10 Rate of Reaction Part A Unit-based exercise Unit 36 An introduction to rate of reaction Fill in the blanks 1 concentration; time 2 instantaneous 3 a) the gaseous product / carbon dioxide evolved b) loss in mass 4 a) colorimeter b) standard alkali c) the gaseous product / carbon dioxide evolved 1 time to reach the opaque stage 5 transmittance; 6 hydroxide; titrimetric True or false 7 T In the oxidation of methanoic acid by bromine‚ the intensity of the orange colour of bromine
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e.g pentose sugars have 5 carbons 3. Two monossaccharids can link together to form a disaccharide . the bond between them is a glycosidic linkage formed in a condensation reaction 4. Starch is a polysaccharide composed of amylose and amylopectin. Its main function is as a storage carbohydrate‚ starch and glycogen are suitable for this function because there are insoluble and compact. 5. A triglyceride composed of 1 molecule of glycerol and 3 fatty acids 6. A triglyceride is formed
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nucleic acids. Each classification performs specific functions that allow cells to grow and survive. Macromolecules can be either split or bonded through dehydration synthesis or hydrolysis. Dehydration synthesis occurs when water is released‚ electrons become shared‚ covalently bonding two monomers together. Hydrolysis takes place when water is added to a polymer‚ energy is released and the covalent bonds break‚ turning the polymer into monomers. The ratio of carbon to hydrogen to oxygen is 1:2:1
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calcium hypochlorite solution is basic. This is due to the hydrolysis performed by the hypochlorite ion‚ as hypochlorous acid is weak‚ but calcium hydroxide is a strong base. As a result‚ the hypochlorite ion is a strong conjugate base‚ and the calcium ion is a weak conjugate acid: ClO− + H2O → HClO + OH− Similarly‚ calcium hypochlorite reacts with hydrochloric acid to form calcium chloride‚ water and gaseous chlorine: Ca(OCl)2 + 4 HCl → CaCl2 + 2 H2O + 2 Cl2 Uses[edit] Calcium hypochlorite
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