molecules become covalently bonded to each other with the removal of a water molecule. - When a bond forms between two monomers each monomer contributes part of the water molecule that is released during the reaction - On monomer provides a hydroxyl group (-OH)‚ while the other provides a hydrogen (-H). This reaction is
Premium Polysaccharide Carbohydrate Cell wall
because of reverse transcriptases that come from tumor causing retroviruses. Whats special about the enzyme is its ability to read a mRNA‚ and extend a primer strand (in this case its a hot crick DNA). Reverse transcriptase can find that 3 prime hydroxyl and use the mRNA as a template. The hot crick DNA will be extended out to the point where reverse transcritase reaches the end of the message. The size depends on where the message starts because it will read the message all the way to the 5 prime
Premium DNA Gene RNA
on the Acidic end of the scale is low in ph‚ high in hydrogen ion‚ and low in hydroxyl ions. An acid have a sour taste‚ reacts with metal‚ are corrosive‚ and are considered an electrolyte because it conduct an electrical charge. Examples of acid are hydrochloric acid‚ citric acid and vinegar. Solutions that are Bases on the scale have a pH ranging from 8-14. Bases are high in pH‚ low in hydrogen ion and high in hydroxyl ion. Bases have a bitter taste and a slippery feel. They dissolve in water and
Premium Acid Base PH
Once a molecule is oxidized it is called a free radical. Free radicals are unstable and can cause damage to DNA‚ which will eventually cause inappropriate cell division‚ which will lead to tumor and cancer development (Murray‚ 2005). To prevent a buildup of free radicals‚ antioxidants are vital to one’s diet. Antioxidants can slow or avoid damage from oxidation. Antioxidants can be found solely in plant-based
Premium Nutrition Obesity Health
includes infra-red rays and visible lights e.t.c Effects of ionizing radiations on organisms are extreme which includes: mutations‚ breakage of hydrogen bonds‚ oxidation of double bonds‚ polymerization of some molecules‚ generation of radicals like singlet oxygen and OH radicals‚ formation of thymine dimmers‚ breakage of tryptophan into toxic photoproducts .the most lethal effect of ultra violet radiation is that its wavelengths can be absorbed by the DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) of most microbial cells
Premium DNA Bacteria
comprised of a hydroxyl group –OH chemically bonded to a carbon. One of the simplest and most common esters is ethyl ethanoate‚ or ethyl acetate‚ a combination of ethanoic acid and ethanol. The ethyl ethanoate chemical reaction is C2H4O2 + CH3CH2OH C4H8O2 + H2O. As seen in this reaction‚ an acid and an alcohol are combining to form an ester‚ with a water molecule as a bi-product. The water molecule is lost from the reactants as the carboxylic acid in the reaction loses a –OH hydroxyl group and the
Premium Acetic acid Alcohol Carboxylic acid
carbon atom (designated 2’)‚ and ribose has a hydroxyl group atom there. Deoxyribose-containing nucleotides are the monomers of DNA RNA Nucleotide [pic] The left picture shows the nucleotide unit of RNA. Nucleotides differ from nucleosides in that they have phosphate groups. Nucleotides can exist in the mono-‚ di-‚ or tri-phosphorylated forms. The most common site of phosphorylation of nucleotides found in cells is the hydroxyl group attached to the 5’-carbon of the ribose
Premium DNA RNA
Rusting of iron couplingCertification : It has been certified that Akash Sharma having CBSE Roll No. Studying in XII-A (Science)‚ during the academic year 2010-11 has completed a project on the Study of the Affect of Metal Coupling on the Rusting of Iron and has given satisfactory account of this in his project report Shri D.K Gupta External Examiner PGT Chemistry Signature Signature Declaration : I ‚ Akash Sharma of Class XII A (Science)
Premium Oxygen Iron Corrosion
eXPRESS Polymer Letters Vol.3‚ No.6 (2009) 366–375 Available online at www.expresspolymlett.com DOI: 10.3144/expresspolymlett.2009.46 Starch-based completely biodegradable polymer materials D. R. Lu‚ C. M. Xiao*‚ S. J. Xu College of Material Science and Engineering of Huaqiao University‚ Quanzhou‚ 362021‚ P. R. China Received 21 February 2009; accepted in revised form 30 March 2009 Abstract. Starch is a natural polymer which possesses many unique properties and some shortcoming simultaneously
Premium Polymer Starch
Starch‚ glycogen and cellulose are all polymers of glucose. They differ in the type of glucose present and the bonds which link thr glucose monomers together. Starch and glycogen are made from alpha-glucose. This is an isomer of glucose in which the hydroxyl (-OH) group attached to carbon number 1 is below the plane of the ring. Starch is itself composed of two types of polymer:amylose and amylopectin. In amylose‚ the glucose monomers are linked by 1‚4 glycosidic bonds. This means that the bond connects
Premium Cellulose Starch Polysaccharide