Group 5 Experiment No. 5 Classifications of Alcohols: Lucas Test Q1. REACTION OF PRIMARY‚ SECONDARY AND TERTIARY ALCOHOLS WITH LUCAS REAGENT ALCOHOL IMMEDITE REACTION WITH LUCAS’ REAGENT OBSERVATIONS AFTER 5 MINUTES AT 27 °C TO 28 °C n-butyl alcohol No reaction occurred Secondary butyl alcohol cloudy Tertiary butyl alcohol Cloudy appears Q2. REACTION OF SECONDARY AND TERTIARY ALCOHOLS WITH CONCENTRATED HYDROCHLORIC ACID ALCOHOL OBSERVATIONS Secondary butyl alcohol
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However‚ due to the knowledge we have of the compound on the plate we can determine which compounds are which. The two compounds you used are very similar in structure with one very important difference of the hydroxyl group on 4-phenylphenol that isn’t present in biphenyl. This hydroxyl group makes 4-phenylphenol more polar because of the possibility of hydrogen bonds between the compound and the silica on the
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is removed for each monomer added (one monomer loses a hydroxyl group and the other loses a hydrogen so that they are then able to bond covalently to each other) 2. Enzymes are needed 3. Energy is expended by both monomers 4. Anabolic – building blocks 5. Also known as a dehydration reaction b. Hydrolysis – process which separates polymers into monomers 1. 1 water molecule is added (hydrogen attaches to one monomer and the hydroxyl group attaches to the other monomer) 2. Digestion is
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UNIVERSITY OF THE GAMBIA LECTURE NOTES COURSE: PRINCIPLES OF CHEMISTRY II (ORGANIC CHEMISTRY) CODE: CHM 161 2ND SEMESTER SESSION: 2012/2013 LECTURER: ANTHONY F. ADJIVON UNIT 1 INTRODUCTION Organic chemistry started as the chemistry of life‚ when that was thought to be different from the chemistry in the laboratory. Then it became the chemistry of carbon compounds‚ especially those found in coal. Now it is both. It is the chemistry of the compounds of carbon along with other elements
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Dipole-dipole forces exist between neutral polar molecules but heptane is non polar. Heptane does not contain hydrogen bonding as no H atoms bond with F‚ O‚ or N. On the other hand greatly increased boiling point of 1-hexanol is because 1-hexanol contains hydroxyl group where there is hydrogen bond occurring. It also has dipole-dipole force as the oxygen on the end makes a polar part of the molecule allowing interactions between them. There are also dispersion forces. The greater the polarity the higher the
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PurposeIn this experiment‚ sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) in acetic acid mixture was used to oxidize emdo-borneol (an alcohol) to camphor (a ketone). The product would then be purified by sublimation and then be analyzed by Infrared spectroscopy and melting point test. Procedure and ObservationsPlease refer to the lab manual and the carbon copy attached. Data and CalculationsWeight of endo-borneol = 0.2013gNo of moles of endo-borneol = 0.2013g/154.25g mol-1 = 1. 305mmolSince one mole of endo-borneol
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Chapter 6 Microbial Growth 1 Growth • increase in cellular constituents that may result in: – increase in cell number • e.g.‚ when microorganisms reproduce by budding or binary fission – increase in cell size • e.g.‚ coenocytic microorganisms have nuclear divisions that are not accompanied by cell divisions • microbiologists usually study population growth rather than growth of individual cells 2 The Growth Curve • observed when microorganisms are cultivated in batch
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------------------------------------------------- Definition Esters are chemical compounds consisting of a carbonyl adjacent to an ether linkage. They are derived by reacting an oxo acid with a hydroxyl compound such as an alcohol or phenol. Esters are usually derived from an inorganic acid or organic acid in which at least one -OH (hydroxyl) group is replaced by an -O-alkyl (alkoxy) group‚ and most commonly from carboxylic acids and alcohols. That is‚ esters are formed by condensing an acid with an alcohol. Esters
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Mechanism (Unit 16) - Electrophilic addition Reaction Mechanism (Unit 17) - Electrophilic substitution Reaction Mechanism (Unit 18) - Electrophilic substitution Reaction Mechanism (Unit 19) - Electrophilic substitution Reaction Mechanism (Unit 20) - Radical reactions Amino acids Oxidation and Reduction Uses of compounds with different functional groups Structure determination (Unit 1) Structure determination (Unit 2) Structure determination (Unit 3) Structure determination (Unit 4) Organic synthesis
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the cellular membrane while Propanetriol took the longest amount of time‚ leaving Propanediol in the middle of the two. These results occurred as Propanol contained the least amount of hydroxyl groups and was the smallest and least polar. Propanetriol was the most polar of the three substances‚ containing three hydroxyl groups causing the diffusion to be the slowest. These results occurred because as the molecule in a substance becomes larger and more polar‚ the longer it takes for that molecule to
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