2 Production of Protein from Cloned Genes Now that we have covered the basic techniques involved in gene cloning and DNA analysis and examined how these techniques are used in research‚ we can move on to consider how recombinant DNA technology is being applied in biotechnology. This is not a new subject‚ although biotechnology has received far more attention during recent years than it ever has in the past. Biotechnology can be defined as the use of biological processes in industry and technology
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main alternative involves the use of in-vitro technologies. These involve the production of cells or tissues that can be studied in a laboratory setting. Monamy explains that scientists can observe the effects of chemicals on ‘cultures’ rather than rats. If the chemical was supposed to cause heart problems‚ “…researchers can simply record changes in the beating of cultured heart cells in-vitro” (Monamy‚ 2000‚ 76). There are at least three reasons why the in-vitro method is better than using animals.
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The Ethical Dilemma: Stem Cell Research “Ethics is knowing the difference between what you have a right to do and what is right to do.”- Potter Stewart One of the most controversial topics in today’s world is stem cell research. What are stem cells? Why is the debate about stem cells about ethics? Should stem cell research be allowed? What are the benefits of stem cell research? Stem cells are cells that have the potential to differentiate into a specialized cell such as liver cell. Scientists
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Down’s Syndrome Down’s syndrome is a genetic condition involving an extra chromosome‚ this change occurs around the time of conception. A person with Down’s syndrome has forty-seven chromosomes instead of the usual forty-six. A relatively common genetic disorder‚ Down’s strikes 1 out of 600 babies. In 95 percent of all cases‚ the disorder originates with the egg‚ not the sperm‚ and the only known risk factor is advanced maternal age-at age 35‚ a woman has 1 chance in 117 of having a baby with
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ways to test medical products. The alternative tests are more conventional. With all the new technology that has been invented in recent years‚ it makes more sense to utilise the devices that have been created. Some of the new common methods are in vitro test methods and models‚ computerized patient drug databases‚ virtual drug trials‚ computer simulations‚ stem cell and genetic testing methods‚ using MRIs and CT scans‚ and microdosing (In
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healthcare problem. Although myriad factors have been implicated in impaired wound healing‚ recent research has focused on the role of matrix-based bacterial communities called biofilms that are often associated with chronic wounds. Various in vitro and in vivo models have been developed to study the role of biofilms in non-healing wounds. Basic science and clinical studies suggest that effective eradication of pathogenic biofilms requires multimodality strategies including serial debridement
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truly representative data. Indeed‚ there are many examples in the literature of highprofile failings of animal models to predict human toxicity[1-4]. • As such‚ there is a requirement in research for alternatives to both animal models and standard in vitro cell culture. • The Quasi-Vivo® culture system enables cell culture under laminar flow. This is designed to mimic the type of flow found in the body[5]‚[6] providing mechanical stimulation equivalent to blood and lymph movement‚ and ensuring constant
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1 INTRODUCTION In recent years‚ there has been rapid growth in the number of Fast Dissolving / Disintegrating Tablet (FDT) product on the market. Fast Dissolving Tablets are solid tablets and designed to dissolve/disintegrate in the patient’s mouth within a few second or minutes‚ without the need to drink or chew. However‚ the fear of taking solid tablets and the risk of choking for certain patient populations still exist despite their short disintegration/dissolution times. However‚ some
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Animal experimentation is a big part of medical progress. Opponents of animal testing point out the amount of animals used and the different types of animals used but if you look at it‚ it’s all for a good reason. Animal experimenters don’t do this just to do it. It’s for a purpose. There are thousands upon thousands of medical situations that couldn’t have been done without animal experimenting. Animal suffering is pointed out but for the most part animals go without feeling any pain. Animal experimentation
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Polymethylmethacrylate‚ or PMMA for short‚ is a polymer consisting of the monomer methyl methacrylate that has been around since the 1930s1. PMMA is a polymer that has a high impact strength‚ is scratch and shatter resistant‚ and is relatively lightweight1. Because PMMA can also be formed into a transparent thermoplastic and has a glass transitions temperature of 130oC‚ this polymer served as a glass substitute in its early uses1. Other beneficial characteristics of Polymethylmethacrylate include
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