I- :2S2O32I2 + 2e S4O62- + 2e 2I- The iodine/thiosulphate titration is a general method for determining the concentration of an oxidising agent solution. A known volume of an oxidising agent is added into an excess solution of acidified potassium iodide. The reaction will release iodine:Example: (a) With KMnO4 2MnO4- + 16H+ + 10I(b) With KIO3 IO3- + 5I+ 6H+ 3I2 + 3H2O 2Mn2+ + 5I2 + 8H2O The iodine that is released is titrated against a standard thiosulphate solution. From the stoichiometry of the
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ALCOHOLS Alcohols are compounds in which one or more hydrogen atoms in an alkane have been replaced by an -OH group. For the purposes of UK A level‚ we will only look at compounds containing one -OH group. For example: Primary alcohols In a primary (1°) alcohol‚ the carbon which carries the -OH group is only attached to one alkyl group Some examples of primary alcohols include: Secondary alcohols In a secondary (2°) alcohol‚ the carbon with the -OH group attached is joined directly to
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CO3 + H2SO4 = bubbly reaction‚ little to no colour change. CO3 + 6M HCl = Barrium hydroxide began to go cloudy‚ indicating the presence of BaCO3(Carbonate anions) Chloride Solution + 0.1M AgNO3 =white precipitate formed‚ very fine texture. Iodide solution + 0.1M AgNO3 =yellow/white precipitate formed‚ cloudy texture. Silver Chloride + ammonium hydroxide = white precipitate forms‚ slowly begins to disappear. Adding HNO3 the reappearance of a white precipitate began‚ indicating the presence
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Lorraine Chen Chem 106 Lab South Street Seaweed Seaport Warm up: 1. Coffee Beans are crushed into small pieces‚ water is added to it and the mixture is heated over a flame. What do you think would happen to the coffee beans as it interacts with the water? Explain your prediction I think the heating of the water and coffee beans would cause the water to turn a light brown color because this process is most likely removing some kind of excess substance from the surface of the coffee beans. This
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During this experiment‚ the method of Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) was conducted using a negatively charged protein and pre-stained molecular weight markers. The hypothesis was that the molecular weight of N-acetyl-β-D-hexosaminidase B would be 28‚000 kDa. To confirm or reject the hypothesis‚ the molecular weight of N-acetyl-β-D-hexosaminidase B and the concentration of protein had to be determined. The electrophoresis of the protein gel were conducted using
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A. MATTER * Nature of matter. * Describe the states of matter and explain their conversion in terms of the kinetic particle theory. * Describe and explain diffusion. * Describe dependence of rate of diffusion on molecular mass‚ qualitatively. * Experimental techniques Measurement. * Name appropriate apparatus for the measurement of time‚ temperature‚ mass and volume‚ including burettes‚ pipettes and measuring cylinders. Criteria of purity. * Identify substances
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Objectives After studying this Unit‚ you will be able to • name haloalkanes and haloarenes according to the IUPAC system of nomenclature from their given structures; • describe the reactions involved in the preparation of haloalkanes and haloarenes and understand various reactions that they undergo; • correlate the structures of haloalkanes and haloarenes with various types of reactions; • use stereochemistry as a tool for understanding the reaction mechanism; • appreciate the applications of organo-metallic
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chlorine-containing metabolites‚ such as chlorite and chloride ions. Abdel-Rahman et al. (1980b) developed a method to quantitatively and qualitatively measure the metabolites of chlorine dioxide (e.g.‚ ClO2-‚ and ClO-) in biological fluids. These biomarkers can be used to indirectly measure chlorine dioxide exposure. The concentration of residual chlorite ion in vegetables and eggs treated with sodium chlorite was determined by UV-ion chromatography (Suzuki et al. 1997). Sodium chlorite was extracted
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Monoatomic Ions Name Symbol Name hydrogen ion H¯ hydride lithium ion F¯ fluoride Note that the sodium ion Cl¯ chloride letters in an ion’s potassium ion Br¯ bromide name before the rubidium ion I¯ iodide -ide ending is 2¯ cesium ion O oxide the stem. For 2¯ beryllium ion S sulfide example‚ the stem magnesium ion Se2¯ selenide for bromide is calcium ion Te2¯ telluride brom-. strontium ion barium ion Ag + silver ion N 3¯ nitride radium ion Ni2+ nickel
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or loses electrons while being bonded with another atom an ion is formed. This bond causes an atom to become either a positive or negative ion. Electrons have a negative charge‚ meaning that if an atom loses an electron‚ the amount of protons are greater than electrons. This makes the atom turn into a positive ion which is known as a cation. The opposite of this is known as an anion‚ which is when an atom gains electrons and becomes an ion that is negative. Non-metals form anions and metals form cations
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