Corrosion of reinforced concrete Contents 1. Introduction 3 2. Corrosion 3 2.1 Chloride attack 4 2.2 Carbonation 5 3. Minimising corrosion 6 3.1 Metallic coatings 6 3.2 Cathodic protection 7 3.3 Other solutions 8 4. Conclusion 8 References 10 List of Figures 2.1 Chloride attack on reinforced concrete…………………………………………....4 2.2 Carbonation attack of RC due to poor concrete cover…………………………….5 3.1 How impressed current cathodic protection stops corrosion ……………………
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Hwa Chong Institution (High School) Secondary 4 End of Year Examinations Chemistry Revision Notes List of topics: 1. Atomic Structure 2. Separation Techniques 3. Chemical Bonds and Bonding (Ionic‚ Covalent) 4. Metals 5. Properties and structures of compounds 6. Qualitative Analysis 7. Acids‚ Bases and Salts 8. Chemical Periodicity 9. Chemical Calculations 10. Air and Environment 11. Electrochemistry (Including Redox reactions) 12. Thermochemistry 13. Rates of Reaction 14. Chemical
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Chemical Reactions and Equations Chemical Reaction: The transformation of chemical substance into another chemical substance is known as Chemical Reaction. For example: rusting of iron‚ setting of milk into curd‚ digestion of food‚ respiration‚ etc. In chemical reaction new substance is formed which is completely different in properties from the original substance‚ so in a chemical reaction chemical change takes place. Following are the signs of chemical reaction: (a) Change of state of substance
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continue soaking. Six weighing dishes were then labeled “NaCl”‚ “Sr(NO3)2”‚ “CuCl2”‚ “LiCl”‚ ” KCl”‚ and “BaCl2” were obtained. Each contained a scoop full of each metallic solid in the corresponding weighing dish. After this‚ the Bunsen burner was carefully lit. The soaked end of one of the metallic splints was then dipped in one of the metallic salts. The “dipped” wooden splint was then placed into the flame and the color was observed. If any of the solid fell on the lab bench or Bunsen burner the test
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LAREDO COMMUNITY COLLEGE Science Department CHEM 1411-1412 Practice Test Ch. 7 Periodic Properties Newton Name Instructions: Circle the letter of the BEST answer(s). Some questions may have multiple answers; be sure to include all correct answers. Each correct question is worth two (2) points. 1) __________ is credited with developing the concept of atomic numbers. A) Lothar Meyer B) Ernest Rutherford C) Michael Faraday
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Current‚ Voltage and Power * Electricity is the flow of electric charge. We can describe the flow of electric charge in several ways. These include the quantities Current‚ Voltage and Power. Current * Current (I) is the rate of flow of Charge Carriers‚ such as electrons. Current is usually thought of as moving in the direction of positive charge‚ so from the positive power supply to the negative. However‚ since in metals it is electrons that carry electric charge‚ the actually flow is opposite
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Laboratory Techniques and Measurements (adapted from Labpaq Version 09.1.06 by Peter Jeschofnig‚ Ph.D.) Experiment Summary You will have the opportunity to learn how to conduct measurements in mass‚ volume‚ and density using scales and common laboratory equipment. Review the safety materials and wear goggles when working with chemicals. Read the entire exercise before you begin. Take time to organize the materials you will need and set aside a safe workspace in which to complete the exercise
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on the table ← Filling 4f and 5f orbitals II. Metals/Nonmetals/Metalloids A. Metals: ← Lose valence electrons to form cations ← Exhibiting valence electron configuration of the noble gas from the preceding period ← Metallic character increases going
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ELECTROPLATING Electroplating is the application of electrolytic cells in which a thin layer of metal is deposited onto an electrically conductive surface. Electroplating is a plating process that uses electrical current to reduce cat ions of a desired material from a solution and coat a conductive object with a thin layer of the material‚ such as a metal. Electroplating is primarily used for depositing a layer of material to bestow a desired property (e.g.‚ abrasion and wear resistance‚ corrosion
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1. PAPER BATTERY 1.1 INTRODUCTION Traditionally‚ electronics have been designed around their batteries. The batteries form a significant part of many electronic devices. Typical electrochemical batteries or cells convert chemical energy into electrical energy. Batteries based on the charging ability are classified into primary and secondary cells. Secondary cells are widely used because of their rechargeable nature. Presently‚ battery takes up a huge amount of space and contributes to a
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