Conclusion: ¬¬The goal of the first part of this experiment was to achieve a 50-50 conversion of fluorene to Fluorenone. In order to achieve the goal of the experiment fluorene was oxidized to Fluorenone. The hydroxide ions from the sodium hydroxide in the presence of Stark’s catalyst would be able to de-protonate the acidic fluorene protons. This would result in the formation of a carbanion which attacks the oxygen from the air resulting in the formation of a hydroperoxide and eventually a ketone
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(e.g. ethyne) have carbon-carbon double or triple bonds‚ and are said to be unsaturated. Aromatic hydrocarbons are cyclic compounds whose structure is related to that of benzene‚ with six-electrons in a six-membered ring. For this experiment‚ hexane will be used as an example of saturated hydrocarbons (alkanes)‚ cyclohexene will be used as an unsaturated hydrocarbon (alkenes) and toluene as an aromatic hydrocarbon. As a precaution during these experiments‚ you should be extremely careful since
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purification of crude aniline is done by distillation and extraction. Aniline can be converted to acetanilide by acetylation reaction using acetic anhydride with sodium acetate. This step protects the amine functional group from doing unwanted reactions during chlorosulfonation and amination steps. The chlorosulfonyl group attacks in the para position to the acetamide group‚ by electrophilic aromatic substitution. Sulfonic acid is converted to 4-acetamidobenzenesulfonyl chloride by reacting with
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Name: Professor`s name: Course number: Date: Metabolic Pathways of Drugs The principal site for drug metabolism in the human body is the liver organ. The process of metabolism usually inactivates drugs though some drug metabolites are pharmacologically in active status. Inactive substance which has a metabolite that is active is referred to as a prodrug. Drugs are metabolized
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and Observation A. Comparison of soaps and detergents 1. Hydrolysis Observation Reaction with blue litmus paper Acetic acid + Red Benzoic acid + Red Sodium Benzoate + Red (+)-miscible (-)-immiscible (red)-acidic (blue)-basic The hydrolysis was tested with acetic acid‚ benzoic acid‚ and sodium benzoate. 2mL water was placed in a test tube and 6 drops of sample was added to each. The mixture was mixed by shaking‚ examined‚ and tested with blue litmus paper. The blue litmus
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functional group may be attached to an alkyl group or an aromatic group. Benzoic acid‚ is a colourless crystalline solid and a simple aromatic carboxylic acid. It is mainly consumed in the production of phenol by oxidation decarboxylation at 300-400. Oxidizing a primary alcohol can produce carboxylic acids. In this experiment‚ an aromatic carboxylic acids namely benzoic acid will be prepared by oxidizing benzyl alcohol‚ which is an aromatic alcohol with the formula. Benzyl alcohol is produced naturally
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D. REACTIONS OF ALDEHYDES AND KETONES WITH SODIUM HYDROXIDE (By: Mary Deo Luigi J. Mabunay 1N-3) Objective: To determine the reactions of Aldehydes and Ketones when combined with Sodium Hydroxide. Process: * Obtain 5 clean and dry test tubes * Put 2mL of 40% NaOH solution to test tubes 1‚ 2 and 3 and on test tubes 4 and 5‚ put 10% NaOH solution * Add 10 drops of the following solution: * Tube 1: formaldehyde * Tube 2: benzaldehyde * Tube 3: acetaldehyde
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group becomes bonded to a carbon atom of the aromatic ring which occurs by treatment of benzene (or substituted benzene) with a stable carbocation. The purpose of this experiment is to synthesize 1‚ 4-Di-t-butyl-2‚ 5 – dimethoxybenzene via the Friedel-Crafts alkylation mechanism by reacting 1‚ 4 – dimethoxybenzene with tertiary-butyl alcohol in the presence of sulfuric acid as a Lewis acid catalyst‚ and involves the attack of the aryl group at the electrophilic trimethylcarbocation. The resulting product
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Extraction and analysis of two compounds from unknown solution C ABSTRACT Liquid C and solid C were both extracted from unknown solution by first using chemically active liquid-liquid extract‚ followed by vacuum filtration. Liquid C and solid C were then purified with the use of simple distillation and recrystallization respectively. Through the process of recrystallization‚ the percentage purity of solid C was found to be 6.01%. The melting point range of purified solid C was 117.0 – 119
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Phenol‚ also known as carbolic acid‚ is an aromatic organic compound with the molecular formula C6H5OH. It is a white crystalline solid that is volatile. The molecule consists of a phenyl group (-C6H5) bonded to a hydroxyl group (-OH). It is mildly acidic‚ but requires careful handling due to its propensity to cause chemical burns. Phenol was first extracted from coal tar‚ but today is produced on a large scale (about 7 billion kg/year) from petroleum. It is an important industrial commodity as a
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