microbial consortium growing on a mixture of hydrocarbons representing four structural classes of hydrocarbons. The microbial biodegradation rate of hexadecane‚ dodecane‚ benzene‚ toluene‚ iso-octane‚ pristane (2‚6‚10‚14 tetramethyl pentadecane)‚ naphthalene‚ and phenanthrene in the presence and absence of a mixture of rhamnolipid biosurfactant was determined. A first-order biodegradation model was applied in these studies to better discern the differential solubilization and biodegradation rates
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SCH4U Thermochemistry Test Review Try all the problems previously assigned‚ look at the problems in your textbook‚ and try these: 1. Be sure to understand the following vocabulary: Thermochemistry Thermochemical Equation System Surrounding Calorimetry calorimeter Heat temperature thermal energy chemical energy Open‚ closed‚ isolated/insulated systems enthalpy change Molar enthalpy Exothermic changes Endothermic changes Hess’s Law Heat capacity specific heat capacity combustion
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TECHNICAL BULLETIN Admixtures & White Cement Introduction Lehigh White Cement Company is committed to your success‚ with technical personnel who understand the interactions between white cement and common chemical admixtures ready to assist you. This technical bulletin discusses considerations experienced users of gray portland cement may overlook when making the switch to white cement. It is not intended to supplant the role of admixture suppliers who are the authorities on their products. Admixture
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Tatiana Pachova BSc‐2‚ chemistry Assistant : Chandan Dey Sciences II – lab. A Nitration of bromobenzene (n°28) 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1) 1.2) Purpose The objective of this experiment is to synthesize the p‐bromonitrobenzene (bromo‐1‐nitro‐4‐benzene) out of bromobenzene‚ by nitration. Scheme Br Br HNO3 / H2SO4 Mechanism The first step is the formation of the NO2 from the nitric acid: NO2 1.3) O O S N
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Nor Amirah Farhana Nawawi Organic Chemistry Lab Report Bo Shen Title: Nucleophillic Substitution Reaction Introduction: This lab experimented on the reactions of the chemicals that undergoes SN1 or SN2 reaction. Nine different compounds were given to be examined with two reagents - NaI in acetone and AgNO3 in ethanol. The SN1 reaction happens in AgNO3 in ethanol reagents‚ and SN2 reaction is in NaI in acetone. Procedure: Following the lab manual. Results: compound NaI /acetone (SN2) AgNO3/ethanol
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Experiment #1: Determination of the Solid-Liquid Phase Diagram for Napthalene-Biphenyl Using Thermal Analysis Objective To apply thermal analysis to the two-component system‚ naphthalene-biphenyl at atmospheric temperature. The analysis will be represented by a solid-liquid phase diagram (freezing point diagram). Theoretical Principles Phase Equilibria and the Gibbs Phase Rule This experiment is conducted in order to study a condensed system (solid-liquid) at constant temperature (atmospheric
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Separation of a Carboxylic Acid from a Neutral Compound by Extraction Reference: Smith‚ Chapter 2 (Acids and Bases) Introduction Carboxylic acids and phenols are two families of organic compounds that contain carbon‚ hydrogen and oxygen‚ and also react with water to yield an excess of hydronium ions over hydroxide ions. Pure water has a pH of 7‚ which means it has a hydronium ion concentration‚ [H3O+] of 10-7 M (M = molarity‚ moles/Liter). The hydronium ions in pure water come from the self-ionization
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CONCEPTS IN ORGANIC CHEMISTRY • Inductive Effect : Inductive effect is defined as permanent displacement of shared electron pair in a carbon chain towards more electronegative atom or group. Types of Inductive effect : 1.Negative Inductive Effect : (—I effect‚ Electron withdrawing effect) when an electronegative atom or group (more electro negative than hydrogen)is attached to the terminal of the carbon chain in a compound‚ the electrons are displaced in the direction of the attached
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Hoo Sze Yen Form 4 Experiments Physics SPM 2008 CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION TO PHYSICS 1.1 PENDULUM Hypothesis: The longer the length of a simple pendulum‚ the longer the period of oscillation. Aim of the experiment: To investigate how the period of a simple pendulum varies with its length. Variables: Manipulated: The length of the pendulum‚ l Responding: The period of the pendulum‚ T Constant: The mass of the pendulum bob‚ gravitational acceleration Apparatus/Materials: Pendulum bob‚ length
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Abstract – This multi-step synthesis uses aniline as the starting reagent to synthesize five compounds employing several reactions such as acetylation‚ diazo coupling‚ nitration‚ bromination‚ and hydrolysis. The isolated products were analyzed with TLC and spectral data that determined most products were pure while some had a few impurities indicated by GC‚ LC‚ and a wide melting point range was shown for products 2 and 3. The presence of water in product 2 and 7 was indicated by the IR. Acetanilide
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