1. | An experiment is carried out to determine the freezing point of naphthalene.Solid naphthalene is heated in a water bath until it melts completely. The initial temperature is recorded. Then molten naphthalene is left to cool. The reading of the temperature is recorded every 30 seconds. Figure below shows the recorded thermometer readings at 30 seconds intervals. Satu eksperimen dijalankan untuk menentukan takat beku naftalena. Pepejal naftalena dipanaskan di dalam kukus air sehingga melebur
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4Chapter 2: the Structure of the Atom A) Matter 1. Matter 2 3 Element Compound 4. Atom 5. Molecule 6. Ion 7. Diffusion Is anything that occupies space and has mass. Is made up of tiny and discrete particles. There are spaces between these particles. These particles may be atoms‚ molecules or ions. Matter exists in three states solid‚ liquid and gas Is a substance that consists of only one type of atom Is a substance that contains two or more elements that are chemically bonded together Molecule
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The goal of this experiment is to determine the enthalpy of combustion of naphthalene by means of a bomb calorimeter. First‚ the bomb calorimeter was standardized using benzoic acid and the average heat capacity of the bomb calorimeter was calculated to be 10.60.3205 kJ/K. From that‚ the These results show that heats of combustions of unknown substances can be determined via bomb calorimetry. Introduction The first law of thermodynamics states that energy is conserved.2 Using that law it can
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required in an organic laboratory‚ to carry out syntheses that are discussed in the lecture course‚ and to familiarize you with the principles employed in identifying a simple organic compound. Occupational Health and Safety Notices The Elements 1. Nitration of acetanilide 2. Hydrolysis of p – nitroacetanilide and thin layer chromatography 3. Separation of a three – component mixture by extraction 4. Completion of experiments from day 1 to 4 5. NMR workshop 6. Sandmeyer Reaction: Preparation
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that will be separated in this lab contains three components: naphthalene‚ C10H8‚ common table salt‚ NaCl‚ and sand‚ SiO2. The separation will be done according to the scheme shown on the next page and involves three basic steps: 1. Heating the mixture to sublime the naphthalene. 2. Dissolving the table salt with water to extract. 3. Evaporating water to recover dry NaCl and sand.2 Mixture: naphthalene‚ NaCl heat to naphthalene
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Sodium Acetate | Naphthalene | Mass of solid (g) | 5g | 2g | 2g | Volume of water (50mL) | 50mL | 50mL | 50mL | Volume of water & solid (mL) | 53mL | 52mL |
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Determining the Melting Point of a Substance Purpose The purpose of this lab is to determine the melting point of the substances naphthalene‚ biphenyl and a mixture of C. Data/Observation Sample | Melting Point Range (°C) | | Accurate trialStart Done | Naphthalene | 81 | 85 | Biphenyl | 71 | 73 | Mixture C | 42 | 56 | Questions: 1. The effect of the impurity on the mixture caused the melting point of the mixture to be lowered. 2
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Lab 2 Report- Identification of Substances by Physical Properties The purpose of this lab was to see how certain substances; Naphthalene‚ Toulene‚ and and 2 unknowns (one liquid‚ one solid) react with 3 different solvents. To identify the two unknowns‚ testing needs to be done to find the density of both the liquid and the solid‚ determine the melting point of the solid‚ and the boiling point of the liquid. The Physical Properties of Pure Substances Table can then be used to compare the observed
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observed the solubility and miscibility of some substances. Table 1 and 2 shows the solubility of salt‚ iodine‚ sugar‚ and naphthalene in different solvents. Table 3 and 4 shows the miscibility of substances to other liquid substances. Compound Water Ethanol V. Oil NaCl SOLUBLE INSOLUBLE INSOLUBLE I2 PARTIALLY SOLUBLE SOLUBLE SOLUBLE Sugar SOLUBLE PARTIALLY SOLUBLE INSOLUBLE Naphthalene INSOLUBLE PATIALLY SOLUBLE SOLUBLE Table 1. Solubility of some compounds in water‚ ethanol‚ and vegetable oil Compound
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Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution Objective The objective of this experiment was to illustrate electrophilic aromatic substitution by synthesizing p-nitroanilide (as well as ortho) from acetanilide by nitration. The para form was separated from the ortho form based on solubility properties using recrystallization techniques. Synthetic equations: Physical Properties & Hazards of Reagents/Products: (all taken from Sigma-Aldrich website) Acetanilide MM = 135.16 g/mol Melting point =
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