debris and marine life presence. The intake station contains a series of screening facilities (bucket sieve screens and rotating drum screens to remove floating solids from the seawater. Sodium hypochlorite is also added to the seawater to prevent multiplication of marine organisms in the system. Sodium hypochlorite is produced electrolytically from seawater by the electrochlorinaton units. The free residual chlorine (FRC) is maintained between 0.5-0.7 ppm at the SCW pumps discharge header and between
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chlorides‚ strong oxidizing agents. Highly flammable. Toxicology-Harmful if swallowed or inhaled. Severe irritant. Vesicant. Personal Protection-Safety glasses. Lead‚ Pb(s) Stability-Stable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents‚ potassium‚ sodium. Toxicology-Toxic by ingestion or inhalation. Chronic poison. Personal Protection-Solid lead is believed to present a relatively low hazard to health‚ but it is a cumulative poison‚ and can cause serious harm if inhaled as a powder‚ or ingested
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E20-1 Experiment 20 Consumer Chemistry: Vitamin C in Fruit Juices The Task The goal of this experiment is to determine the concentration of vitamin C in a range of different fruit juices (fresh and preserved) using titration and to rank these sources of vitamin C. Skills At the end of the laboratory session you should be able to: * use a pipette correctly‚ * use a pipette filler safely‚ * manipulate a burette and carry out a quantitative titration properly‚ * weigh a sample
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available in the blood. Sources: egg‚ soya beans‚ cod-liver oil‚ sunlight Deficiency: Osteomalacia (softening of the bone)‚ rickets (softening of the bone) Vitamins E (TOCOPHEROL) FUNCTION: Fat soluble anti-oxidant.It protect other substances from oxidation by being oxidized itself. Tocopherol is the most active and abundant one. Vit E as an antioxidant. SOURCES: CORN‚ NUTS‚OLIVES‚GREEN LEAFY VEGETABLES DEFICEINCY: Mild hemolytic anemia VITAMINS K • FUNCTION: anti-sterity ‚ BLOOD CLOTHING
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number of ways. The process depends upon the rocks’ mineralogical composition‚ and the nature of chemical environment surrounding them. Some of the main processes of chemical weathering are: 1. solution‚ 2. hydration and hydrolysis‚ 3. oxidation and reduction‚ 4. carbonation‚ 5. base exchange‚ and 6. formation of colloids. 1. SOLUTION Some rocks contain one or more minerals that are soluble in water to some extent. Rock salt (NaCl)‚ gypsum (CaSO4. 2H2O) and calcite (CaCO3) As it
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Pakistan Paper : Pakistan Paper Products Ltd came into existence in 1951. At that time our newly founded country had to import all its paper products which was resulting in the drain of valuable foreign Exchange. Realizing the need of times‚ Mr. Hashim B. Sayeed armed with machinery and technical know how from Germany decided to set up a paper converting unit in Pakistan. In 1962 Pakistan Paper Products became a Private Limited company and then in 1964 it became a Public limited company and was
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electrode where a metal can be reduced‚ the metal will often then dissolve in the mercury to form an amalgam that modifies its electrochemistry greatly. For example‚ it is possible for sodium cations to be reduced at a mercury cathode to form sodium amalgam‚ while at an inert electrode (such as platinum) the sodium cations are not reduced. Instead‚ water is reduced to hydrogen. A detergent or fine solid can be used to stabilize an emulsion‚ or third phase. MEASURES OF EFFECTIVENESS Distribution
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the solvent. 9.2 Reactions with Bases 1. Prepare 3 test tubes with 3 drops of 5% NaOH. 2. Add 5 drops of 50 mg of acetic acid‚ benzoic acid and oxalic acid. 3. Shake and observe the changes. 4. Repeat the procedures using 5% NaHCO3. 9.3 Oxidation Reactions 9.3.1 Reaction with KMnO4 1. Prepare 4 test tubes with 2 ml of water and add 1 ml of conc. H2SO4 to each. 2. Place 4 drops (0.1 g) of formic acid‚ acetic acid‚ benzoic acid‚ and oxalic acid‚ each into a different test tube. 3. If the
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study the method of purification of an organic compound by simple extraction 3. To study the test of identification of alkyl halide Chemicals and Apparatus: ~18.0 g 1-butanol‚ ~20.0 g sodium bromide‚ 15 ml of concentrated sulfuric acid‚ anhydrous magnesium sulfate‚ ~10 ml of 5% aqueous sodium bicarbonate‚ ~1 ml of sodium iodide – acetone reagent‚ 1 ml of bromine in chloroform‚ 1 piece of 100 cm3 round-bottomed flask‚ 1 piece of 50 cm3 of beaker‚ 1 piece of 50 cm3 of conical flask‚ 1 piece of 250 cm3
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component (salicyladehyde) and converted the latter‚ by hydrolysis and oxidation‚ to an acid of crystallized colorless needles‚ which he named salicylic acid. (1838). the problem was that salicylic acid was tough on stomachs and a means of ‘buffering’ the compound was searched for. The first person to do so was a French chemist named Charles Frederic Gerhardt. In 1853‚ this man neutralized salicylic acid by buffering it with sodium (sodium salicylate) and acetyl chloride‚ creating acetylsalicylic acid.
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