slide and with a toothpick‚ smear a thin coat of the bacteria sample onto the slide 3. Cover the smear with a drop Crystal Violet and leave standing for 20 seconds 4. Wash off the stain with distilled water; drain and blot off the excess with bibulous paper. 5. Apply Gram’s Iodine on the smear and leave to stand for 1 minute. 6. Drain the excess iodine and apply 95% Ethyl alcohol for 20 second duration or till the alcohol runs clearly from the slide. 7. The smear should rinsed for a few seconds
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HISTOPATHOLOGY: PAPANICOLAOU SMEAR PAPANICOLAOU SMEAR screening test for cervical cancer invented by George Papanicolaou(Father of Cytopathology)when he found out that cells in the cervix change before they become cancerous. recommended starting 21 y/o to 65 y/o Speculum – instrument used in the test Importance/Clinical Siginificance: For early detection of small tumors or pre-malignant cells in the cervix that may lead to cervical cancer. Specimen: cells in the cervix; the doctor or nurse starts
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most common type of cancer in the world. Routine pap-smears‚ in the United States‚ have narrowed down the disease‚ unlike other countries. This disease starts in the cells on the surface of the cervix. Of the two types of cells‚ on the surface of the cervix‚ squamous and columnar‚ the majority of cervical cancers form on the squamous cells. It is a slow developing disease. It starts out as dysplasia‚ a pre-cancerous condition. Normally a pap-smear can detect the pre-cancerous condition. If left undetected
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of TB. Since TB is curable‚ the WHO believes that the best way to cure TB is through DOTS. It is a health strategy made up of five important components: Political Commitment for TB Control; Facilities for Microscopic Diagnosis of Sputum Positive Smear Patient; Unlimited Supply of Good Quality Anti-TB Drugs; Direct Observation of Therapy; and‚ Good Record Keeping. Through these components‚ it is made sure that the program is managed properly and that the sputum microscopy is of good quality. The
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the cell which is the end. They can also be located between the central and terminal area which is called the sub-terminal. Also the spore can be either spherical or elliptical shaped. Prediction: We will create a smear on a slide using B. cereus culture #1 or #2. The smear will be heat fixed. Then the primary stain malachite green will be added to the slide. Cover the slide with a strip of bibulous paper. Place the slide over steam for ten minutes. Keep slide moist by continuing to apply malachite
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Introduction “Micro” refers to tiny‚ “scope” refers to view or look at. Microscope is the major tool of biologists‚ an optical instrument that uses lens or combination of lens to produce magnified images that are too small to seen by unaided eye. Microscope provides the enlarged view that helps in examining and analyzing the image. Through the use of microscope ‚ knowledge of cell structure was gained and one of the fundamental theories of biology‚ the Cell Theory was developed.
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Microbiology Kit (MBK) – Lab Report Observing Bacteria and Blood Questions: List the following parts of the microscope and describe the function of each A. Ocular Lens- the lens on the top of the microscope that look into with 10x or 15x power. B. Body Tube- Connects eye piece to the objective lens C. Revolving Nosepiece- holds two or more objectives lenses and can be rotated easily to change power D. Objective lenses- 4x‚ 10x‚ 40x‚ and 100x powers E. Stage- The flat plate where the slides
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Viruses B. Prokaryotes - Bacteria 1. Eubacteria 2. Archaea bacteria C. Eukaryotes 1. Algae 2. Protozoans 3. Fungi – Yeasts & Molds 4. Helminthes III. Why study Microbiology/Applications of Microbiology A. Food Production 1. Lactobacillus‚ Streptococcus‚ 2. Saccharomyces
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sclerosis (MS) has also been associated with the HBV vaccine‚ which is usually administered at a very young age. MS is a disease of the central nervous system where the myelin sheath surrounding neurons is destructed‚ resulting in the formation of plaques. It is also known as a demyelinating disease. Based on a study‚ children who received a specific type of hepatitis B vaccine (Engerix B) more than 3 years earlier were found to have a slightly increased risk of having a confirmed diagnosis of MS (Hepatitis
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indicated the purity DNA extracted in experiment 2. Therefore the DNA extracted can undergo agarose gel electrophoresis with reliable result However‚ the result obtained from the gel electrophoresis did not show clear discrete fragments of DNA‚ but smears‚ except for the blue DNA ladder marker. One of the possible causes of this result was the concentration of the DNA extracted in the experiment 2. From the calculation‚ the concentration of original DNA sample was5815µg/ml‚ which was might be too concentrated
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