The Morning Star of Inspiration John Wycliffe was a 14th-century English philosopher‚ theologian‚ and religious reformer‚ whose egalitarian ideas and beliefs laid the foundation for the Protestant Reformation. As Peter W. Williams notes in the World Book Advanced‚ Wycliffe was born sometime between 1320 and 1330 A.D. in Yorkshire‚ England‚ and was educated at Balliol College‚ University of Oxford (Williams). According to Alessandro Conti in his entry in the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy‚ John
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Christ in the center surrounded by light shown as beardless and very muscular this is not just an expression of humanism but can be compared to the Greek god Apollo who was the god of the sun. What could be viewed as the reason for this is that Pope Clement VII studied Heliocentric Cosmology by Copernicus. This work stated that the sun was the center of the universe‚ so by placing Christ in the center of the fresco and mimicking the features of Apollo‚ Michelangelo places Jesus at the center of our
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1510 Luther took a pilgrimage to Rome and performed various acts of devotion in sacred places. For instance‚ at a staircase supposedly taken from Pilate’s judgment hall‚ he walked up the steps on his knees in order to obtain an indulgence promised by Pope
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It is important however to remember that the pope had never had much direct political power in England. He had no army and no proper tax base therefore he could not invade except through an alliance with secular allies. Indeed he blocked Henry ’s dispensation to divorce Catherine of Aragon‚ but a
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by the popes‚ and was wholeheartedly devoted to the religious life. His reign was blemished only by the continuing oppression of the Inquisition; the often brutal treatment of the Jews of Rome; and the ill-advised decision to excommunicate Queen Elizabeth I of England in February 1570‚ an act which also declared her deposed and which only worsened the plight of English Catholics. These were overshadowed in the view of later generations by his contributions to the Catholic Reformation. Pope Clement
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FRVA Research Paper The Roman Catholic Church has prohibited its believers from forming part of Freemasonry since “In Eminenti Apostulatus” a Papal ban implemented in 1738 (Bishop‚ Clement‚ “In Eminenti”‚ Rome City‚ 1738‚ www.freemasonry.bcy.ca/antimasonry.html‚ web). Under the reign of Pope Clement XII‚ the Roman Catholic Church started what would turn into the strongest opposition that the oldest secret society of human history would have to face. Freemasonry attracted the Church’s attention
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The Franciscan movement was a religious order that arose out of one man’s ideologies and beliefs. St. Francis of Assisi’s ideals of absolute poverty‚ obedience‚ humility‚ and simplicity were uncomplicated and basic‚ but during his life and even shortly after his death these ideologies were gradually shifting and causing a great amount of debate. The immense size of the Franciscan Order combined with the mass amount of popularity that the Order gained made changes in the ideology and objectives
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ROME AND THE PAPAL STATES Cola di Reinzo read many ancient Latin books and became very knowledgeable and wanted roman freedom and led a conspiracy to take over the city for the people The popes of the Renaissance had a dual position. On the one hand‚ they were‚ as rulers of the church‚ entrusted with the spiritual welfare of Christendom; on the other‚ they were the heads of an Italian city-state. Their failure to reconcile these two positions or rather‚ their devotion to the second at the expense
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deteriorated during the 5th and 6th centuries and had been replaced by independent kingdoms ruled by Germanic nobles. The Roman imperial office had been vacant after Romulus Augustulus was deposed in ad 476. But‚ during the turbulent early Middle Ages‚ the popes had kept alive the traditional concept of a temporal realm coextensive with a spiritual realm of the church. The Byzantine Empire‚ which controlled the Eastern Roman Empire from its capital‚ Constantinople (now İstanbul‚ Turkey)‚ retained nominal sovereignty
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Madison Denison World History 1st Hour December 9‚ 2013 The Knights Templar A French knight named Hughes de Payens founded the knights’ templar around 1118. He found the knights templar with the help of seven other knights. They were originally formed to devote themselves to the pilgrims’ protection and to form a religious community for the pilgrims. The knights’ templar were divided into two classes: knights and sergeants. Baldwin II‚ king of Jerusalem gave the knights quarters in a wing
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