Environmental Engineering Environmental engineering is a field related to direct application of science and engineering principles to the environment in which animals‚ humans and plants are living. An environmental engineer as a professional is concerned to protect the environment from deterioration; he is also concerned with the preservation of resources including plants‚ fuels‚ and fossils which can generate energy for human use. The primary task of an environmental engineer is to provide
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removal based upon their structural class. The rhamnolipid biosurfactants enhanced the rate of linear alkane biodegradation more than the biodegradation rate of the monoaromatics. The rate constants for hexadecane and dodecane increased by 111 and 76% to 4.7 and 0.3 mg/h‚ respectively‚ while those of benzene and toluene increased by 34 and 65% to 3.1 and 4.0 mg/hr‚ respectively. The branched alkane degradation rate constants were also increased by 71% for iso-octane and 39% for pristane. In contrast
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Mechanism (Unit 16) - Electrophilic addition Reaction Mechanism (Unit 17) - Electrophilic substitution Reaction Mechanism (Unit 18) - Electrophilic substitution Reaction Mechanism (Unit 19) - Electrophilic substitution Reaction Mechanism (Unit 20) - Radical reactions Amino acids Oxidation and Reduction Uses of compounds with different functional groups Structure determination (Unit 1) Structure determination (Unit 2) Structure determination (Unit 3) Structure determination (Unit 4) Organic synthesis
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F> GUIDELINES FOR THE COLLECTION‚ CARE AND CONTROL OF RAINWATER IN TANKS F A C T S H E E T Rainwater tanks can provide a supply of good quality potable water with proper management of the tank and roof catchment. The Tank & Reduction of Water Consumption Tanks are available in galvanised steel‚ zincalume‚ fibreglass and concrete and all are suitable for the storage of potable water. Rainwater tanks should protect water from contamination. Contaminants such as industrial pollutants‚ dust
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solubility Boiling points increase as intermolecular attractive forces increase. For the alkanes‚ which are non-polar hydrocarbons‚ the intermolecular forces are induced dipole forces. In the case of the alcohols‚ the intermolecular forces include induced dipole forces‚ dipole forces‚ and hydrogen bonding. Induced dipole forces increase with increasing molecular weight‚ so the boiling points of the straight chain alkanes increase as the number of carbon atoms in the chain increases. Therefore pentane
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Biotechnology‚ Mapua Institute of Technology; 2Student (s)‚ Subject/Section‚ School of Chemical Engineering‚ Chemistry and Biotechnology‚ Mapua Institute of Technology ABSTRACT Hydrocarbons are compounds that only contain carbon and oxygen atoms. Alkanes‚ alkenes‚ alkynes and aromatic rings are the four classifications of hydrocarbons. Each of these classifications have different physical and chemical properties that were tested as this experiment was performed. Flammability test and solubility test
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the type of bonding that exists between the carbons. There are hydrocarbons that contain only carbon-to-carbon single bonds and they are called alkanes. There are also hydrocarbons that contain only carbon-to-carbon single bonds but it is different from alkanes because their carbon atoms are bonded together to form rings. They are called cyclohexanes. Alkanes and cycloalkanes are also known as saturated molecules – containing only carbon-to-carbon single bonds. When we say that a hydrocarbon is saturated
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(wherein carbon-to-carbon bonds are single bonds) or unsaturated (wherein there are one or more carbon-to-carbon multiple bonds). Saturated aliphatic hydrocarbons are alkanes while unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons are alkenes and alkynes. The general formula of alkanes‚ alkenes and alkynes are CnH2n+2‚ CnH2n‚ and CnH2n-2‚ respectively. Alkanes‚ alkenes and alkynes can be open-chain (acyclic)‚ cyclic‚ unbranched or branched. Aromatic hydrocarbons are represented by a
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HOMOLOGOUS SERIES | ALKANE | ALKENE | ALCOHOL | CARBOXYLIC ACID | ESTER | GENERAL FORMULA | CnH2n+2‚ where n= 1‚2‚3‚.. | CnH2n‚ where n= 2‚3‚4‚.. | CnH2n+1OH‚ where n= 1‚2‚3 | CnH2n+1COOH‚ where n= -0‚1‚2‚3‚.. | CnH2n+1COOCmH2m+1‚ where n= 0‚1‚2‚3‚.. and m= 1‚2‚3‚.. | PHYSICAL PROPERTIES | * MP & BP Size of hydrocarbon molecules inc‚ f.o.a inc‚ more heat overcome f.o.a * Density Mass per molecule inc faster than volume per molecule * Gas – liquidSize of hydrocarbon molecule inc‚ f
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Photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue using TiO2 nanoparticles Nupur Mittal Chemical Engineering‚ IIT (BHU) Varanasi. Abstract: The aim of this research is to reduce the pollution caused by methylene blue dye in waste water coming from textile industries. For this purpose‚ TiO2 nanoparticles are made as they show good photocatalytic activity in degradation of dyes into harmless products. Synthesis is done using titanium butoxide and 2-propanol. The particles formed were a little larger
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