Oxidation and Reduction Mnemonic: OILRIG Oxidation Is Loss‚ Reduction Is Gain Oxidation → the loss of electrons from an atom or an ion→ always happens at anode (positive electrode) → think anOde (O2 in the electrolysis of water xp) Redox reactions: Reactions involving the transfer of electrons e.g. burning‚ rusting‚ photosynthesis‚ respiration and the browning of apples. happens in three types of reactions: 1. addition of oxygen 2. removal of hydrogen 3. increase in valency (how easily an atom
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Experiment 13: Synthesis of 1-Bromobutane An SN2 Reaction Experiment #13: Synthesis of 1-Bromobutane an SN2 Reaction Introduction: In order to synthesize 1-Bromobutane an alkyl halide must be present to undergo a nucleophilic substitution reaction of an alcohol. Since 1-butanol is a primary substrate it will undergo an SN2 reaction with sodium bromide in order to convert the alcohol group to water which is a better leaving group and will in the end produce 1-bromobutane. Experimentally
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with the central metal atom or ion. For example; EDTA which is the hexa dentate ligand also acts as tetra dentate or penta dentate in certain complexes. Similarly sulphate ion‚ which is a bi dentate ligand‚ also acts as a mono dentate ligand in certain complexes‚ e.g. in [Co(SO4)(NH3)5]Cl. * LABILE COMPLEXES; * A complex in which the ligands can be easily replaced by other ligands is called a labile complex. * GEOMETRY OF [CuX4]2- IONS; * The halide complex of Cu (2) shows two different
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/50 MARKS Background: The reactivity of alcohols can be accounted for by their molecular structure – particularly by the attachment of their hydroxyl functional group. The isomers of butanol are used as examples of 1°‚2° and 3° alcohols to examine this relationship. Each of the three isomers of butanol will be mixed with concentrated hydrochloric acid. The presence of an alkyl halide product is indicated by cloudiness of the mixture‚ as the halides are only slightly soluble in water.
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6/15/2012 Somerset College | Charlese Conolly | Science 2012 | Could electrolysis be used to determine the comparative reactivity of metals? | Science 2012 | Could electrolysis be used to determine the comparative reactivity of metals? | Contents COULD ELECTROLYSIS BE USED TO DETERMINE THE COMPARATIVE REACTIVITY OF METALS? 2 BACKGROUND 2 Electrolytic and Galvanic corrosion: 3 AIM 5 HYPOTHESIS 6 VARIABLES 6 APPARTATUS 7 DIAGRAM 8 METHOD / PROCEDURE 8 RESULTS 11
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E2 reaction is typically of secondary and tertiary substituted alkyl halides. An E2 reaction results in formation of a Pi bond. The reason we only used an E1 reaction is because the alcohol functional group was attached to a tertiary carbon‚ which makes it very compatible to have the compound go through an E1 reaction. In addition‚ we were using sulphuric acid with heat‚ it is considered as a weak base making the reactivity for an E1 reaction strong. The reaction also would favor a protic solvent
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History of Calcium- Calcium is a very interesting element that has a lot to tell about itself. There is much history to be learned about calcium. Calcium was actually discovered by Humphry Davy in 1808. Calcium’s name happens to come from the latin ‘calx’ meaning lime. Lime (calcium oxide‚ CaO) was a useful material that was created by heating limestone. Before the discovery of calcium‚ a man named Antoine Lavoisier classified the lime as “earth” because it was very difficult‚ almost
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Anthony Young Partner: Nick Dale TA: Alekhya 6/15/15 The SN2 Reaction: Factors Affecting SN2 Reaction. Introduction In the substitution reactions‚ the leaving group from the substrate is replaced with the nucleophile. Because of the nucleophile it is called nucleophilic substitution. The lone pair of electrons‚ present on the nucleophile is used to create a new bond with the carbon atom‚ from which the leaving group was separated. There are two different mechanisms of nucleophilic substitution: SN1
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positive electrode is called the anode and the negative electrode is called the cathode. d) For electrolysis to occur the electrolyte must be in liquid form so that the ions are free to move. e) In electrolysis the negative ions move towards the anode. When they get there they lose electrons to form neutral atoms. The positive ions move towards the cathode. When they get there they gain electrons to form neutral atoms Electrolysis is the process by which ionic substances are broken down into simpler
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I. Abstract The experiment: Classification tests on Organic Compounds‚ allows the students to be familiarized with different classification tests used for identifying the different classes of organic compounds; examine unknown compounds using appropriate tests; and identify functional group of an organic compound based on the tests performed. Several organic compounds with different functional groups were tested to identify the functional groups present in the compound. n-heptane‚ pentene
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