Synthesis of Butyl Benzoate Using Phase Transfer Catalysis The objective of the experiment is to synthesize the butly benzoate by nucleophilic substitution and characterize it by IR spectroscopy. The percent yield of the final product is determined after the synthesis. Procedures: 2.0 mL of 1-bromobutane‚ 3.0 g of sodium benzoate‚ 5.0 mL of water‚ 4 drops of Aliquat 336‚ and a boiling stone were placed in a 50mL round-bottomed flask. The reaction mixture was refluxed for 1 hour and the flask
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Table | Negative Ion (Anions) | Positive Ions (Cations) | Solubility ofCompounds | All negative ions are with | Alkali ions (Na) | Soluble | All negative ions are with | Hydrogen (H+) | Soluble | All negative ions are with | All positive ions | Soluble | Nitrate NO3- ions are with | All positive ions are | Soluble | Acetate CH COO- ions are 3with | All positive ions are | Soluble | Chloride‚ Cl-Bromide Br-Iodide I- | CuAll other positive ions | Low SolubilitySolubleSoluble
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n-Butyl Bromide and t-Pentyl Chloride | | Jessica | [Pick the date] | Abstract The synthesis of the alkyl halide n-Butyl Bromide from alcohol is the foundation for the experiment. During the isolation of the n-butyl bromide‚ the crude product is washed with sulfuric acid‚ water‚ and sodium bicarbonate to remove any remaining acid or n-butyl alcohol. The primary alkyl halide halide n-butyl bromide is prepared by allowing n-butyl alcohol to react with sodium bromide and sulfuric acid. The sodium
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configuration of group before‚ anion takes noble gas electron configuration of same group ▪ Halide ions- ions produced when atoms of chlorine and other halogens gain electrons ▪ ▪ ionic compounds= compounds composed of cations and anions ▪ ionic compounds are electrically neutral ▪ anions and cations attract one another by means of electrostatic force ▪ ionic bonds= electrostatic forces that hold ions together in ionic compounds ▪ chemical formula=shows the kinds and numbers of atoms
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it is very common to see molecules comprised mainly of a carbon backbone with functional groups attached to the chain. The functional group gives the molecule its properties‚ regardless of what molecule contains it*; they are centers of chemical reactivity. The functional groups within a molecule need to be identified when naming. *Definition taken from Lecture Supplement‚ First Edition by Steven Hardinger‚ Copyright 2008 by Steven Hardinger‚ Hayden-McNeil Publishing‚ Inc. The figures were computer
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Lab: Comparison of Three Isomers of Butanol Pre-lab: 1. Write the general reaction of an alcohol and HCl. 2. What would the solubility be of an alcohol in water. 3. What would the solubility be of an alkyl halide in water? 4. What is the purpose of KMnO4 in the reactions? Safety: Concentrated hydrochloric acid is corrosive and the vapour is very irritating to the respiratory system. Avoid contact with skin‚ eyes‚ clothing‚ and the lab bench. Wear eye protection and a lab apron.
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Abstract Chemical reactions can be used to produce electricity and electricity can be used to cause chemical reactions through oxidation-reduction reactions. The first part of the experiment measures the standard electrode potentials of five various half cells against the Cu2+(1M)|Cu half cell. The last three half cells are prepared through electrolysis. The electrode potentials of all reactions are positive which means that they are spontaneous. There is a significant percent difference from the
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the electrodes. What is electrolysis? Ionic substances contain charged particles called ions. For example‚ lead bromide contains positively charged lead ions and negatively charged bromide ions. Electrolysis is the process by which ionic substances are decomposed (broken down) into simpler substances when an electric current is passed through them. For electrolysis to work‚ the ions must be free to move. Ions are free to move when an ionic substance is dissolved in water or when melted. For example
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allowing the silver ion and chloride ion to form silver chloride. The overall and net ionic equations for the reaction are as follows: Overall Equation AgNO(aq) + XCl(aq) AgCl(s) + XNO3(aq) Net Ionic Equation Ag+(aq) + Cl-(aq) AgCl(s) Precipitation gravimetry for this experiment was performed by using silver nitrate as the precipitating reagent then digesting the newly formed silver chloride sample in a solution containing ions. Through heating and the high concentration of the ions‚ the silver
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CORE SYLLABUS for National Eligibility-Cum-Entrance Test (NEET) for Admission to MBBS/BDS Courses The Medical Council of India (MCI) recommended the following syllabus for National Eligibility-cum-Entrance Test for admission to MBBS/BDS courses across the country (NEET-UG) after review of various State syllabi as well as those prepared by CBSE‚ NCERT and COBSE. This is to establish a uniformity across the country keeping in view the relevance of different areas in Medical Education. PHYSICS
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