Corrosion of Metals Introduction Have you ever had a bike that went rusty‚ figure 1? If the paint is scratched and the rust allowed to spread‚ it is very difficult to repair the frame so it looks as good as new again. Rusting costs us millions of pounds each year‚ either through replacing things or through trying to prevent it happening in the first place. Figure 1: Bike rusting. In this booklet you learn about rusting and ways of stopping it‚ followed by a look at another metal‚ aluminium that
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commonly seen in reactions of secondary or tertiary alkyl halides under strongly basic conditions or‚ under strongly acidic conditions (in this case strongly acidic conditions)‚ with secondary or tertiary alcohols. In this reaction‚ the alcohol will be protonated by the hydrochloric acid. H2O will then “leave” the molecule in the rate-determining step‚ forming a relatively stable tertiary carbocation (which is highly substituted). The chloride ion‚ acting as a Lewis base will donate a pair of electrons
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reaction occurs only when a more reactive element displaces a less reactive one‚ they are dependent upon the relative reactivity of elements. Although single-replacement reactions are not exclusively associated with metals‚ the
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of the substrate. A lipase then‚ would be an enzyme that acts on lipids‚ sucrase on sucrose‚ and so forth. Many enzymes‚ such as chymotrypsin‚ trypsin and lysozyme‚ have older names that do not end in –ase. Some enzymes owe their specific reactivity only to their specific protein structure. Others‚
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than bromine (1) Accept 1 mark for 2nd and 3rd marking points if the correct reactivity order of chlorine > bromine > iodine has been stated. 3 (ii) Br2 + 2I– 2Br– + I2 (1) 1 [4] 3. add AgNO3/Ag+ (to a solution of the food) (1) Ag+(aq) + Cl–(aq) AgCl(s) (1) degree of cloudiness/whiteness/intensity indicates relative quantity (1) sodium ion content needs to be determined as well (1) [4]
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Chemistry - Module 2 - Metal 1. Metals have been extracted and used for many thousands of years * Outline and examine some uses of different metals through history‚ including contemporary uses‚ as uncombined metals or as alloys. Contemporary Uses of common metals Metal | Uses | Iron and Steel (an alloy with <2% carbon)Good tensile strength‚ cheap‚ rusts (corrodes) | - Railways‚ bridges‚ buildings- motor cars bodies‚ ships and trains- Engine blocks‚ fire hydrants‚ drainage
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find a pattern of reactivity and explain the findings using a chemical equation and particle diagram. Procedure: Refer to: Department of Chemistry‚ The Ohio State University. "Development of an Equation." General Chemistry 1210 Laboratory Manual. Vol. 2013-2014. Plymouth: Hayden-McNeil. 32-35. Data/Results: Part A: In the potassium iodide solution‚ I think there were potassium atoms as well as iodine atoms. In the lead nitrate solution‚ I think there were lead and nitrate ions. The potassium atoms
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Katie Smith April 11‚ 2013 Competitive Nucleophiles Introduction The purpose of this experiment was to compare the nucleophilicities of chloride and bromide ions toward the n-butyl and t-pentyl alcohols. We were able to analyze this by using refractometry to measure the amounts of alkyl chloride and alkyl bromide in each reaction. Experiment Scheme (Procedure A) To begin the experiment‚ we assembled a reflux apparatus in the fume hood with a 100 mL round bottom flask and a condenser
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Title: Investigate the reactions of Group-2 elements. Objective: To be able to describe the redox reactions of Group-2 elements with oxygen and water To be able to identify trends of reactivity down the Group-2 Equipment required: 2 x250 cm3 beaker Funnel 2x boiling tubes Crucible tongs Calcium granules Magnesium ribbon Magnesium powder Spatula Universal Indicator Thermal mat Filter paper Safety: Wear eye protection. Magnesium and calcium are highly flammable. Calcium hydroxide
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We Are Family – Families of the Periodic Table The periodic table is a table of the chemical elements in which the elements are arranged by order of atomic number in such a way that the periodic properties (chemical periodicity) of the elements are made clear. The standard form of the table includes periods (horizontal rows in the periodic table) and groups (vertical columns). Elements in groups have some similar properties to each other. As a chemist‚ it is important to have a basic grasp of the
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