Title: Synthesis and Reaction of halogenoalkane‚ 1-bromobutane Aim: To prepare 1-bromobutane and investigate some of its reactions Materials and Apparatus: • Eye protection • Distillation Kit • Thermometer • Measuring cylinder • Teat pipette • Rack with 3 small test tubes • Beaker Chemicals: • Butan-1-ol (harmful and flammable) • Sodium bromide • Concentrated sulphuric acid (very corrosive) • Anhydrous sodium sulphate • Concentrated hydrochloric acid (corrosive) • Ethanol
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lowering of vapour pressure when solute remains normal is X solute P (iii)The degree of ionization decreases with dilution. The degree of ionisation increases with dilution. (iv) Tertiary butyl halide and alcoholic potassium hydroxide undergo electrophillic elimination reaction. Tertiary butyl halide and alcoholic potassium hydroxide undergo nucleophillic elimination reaction. (v) Silicon carbide is prepared by heating a mixture of sand‚ coke‚ saw dust and alkali in an electric furnace. Silicon
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Engineering Chemistry III Prof. K. M. Muraleedharan Aromatic electrophilic substitution (Ar-SE) Reactions The special reactivity of aromatic systems towards electrophiles arises mainly from two factors: the presence of π electron density above and below the plane of the ring - making it nucleophilic‚ and the drive to regain the aromatic character by opting for substitution as opposed to a simple addition reaction. Preference towards addition reactions in the case of alkenes and substitution
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Chemistry assignment Introduction: Throughout modern day society metals are constantly used‚ in fact mankind has been heavily dependent on metals for the last several hundred years. But the science behind metals has only been discovered in recent years and has now become known to people that we simply could not live without them. Metals make up around 80% of the elements (currently discovered). They are used in everyday items that society depends on‚ such as: cars‚ re-bars for building‚ window
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that protects the foil from further corrosion.[2]Different oxides of the same element are distinguished by Roman numerals denoting their oxidation number‚ e.g. iron(II) oxide versus iron(III) oxide. 1 Formation 2 Structure 2.1 Molecular oxides 3 Reactivity 3.1 Reduction 3.2 Hydrolysis 4 Nomenclature and formulas 5 Examples of oxides 6 See also 7 References Formation Main article: corrosion Due to its electronegativity‚ oxygen forms stable chemical bonds with almost all elements to give the corresponding
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electrons -The loss of oxygen -The gaining of hydrogen -A decrease in the oxidation state Objective: To find the redox reactions between a metal and dilute acid‚ metal-metal ion displacement and halogen displacement reaction. Materials: Test tubes (8)‚ pea size samples of the following metals; copper‚ lead‚ magnesium and zinc (10 ml)‚ 2M hydrochloric
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Surname Centre No. Initial(s) Paper Reference 4 3 3 5 Candidate No. 2 H Signature Paper Reference(s) 4335/2H Examiner’s use only London Examinations IGCSE Team Leader’s use only Chemistry Paper 2H Higher Tier Tuesday 6 November 2007 – Morning Time: 2 hours Question Leave Number Blank 1 2 3 4 5 Materials required for examination Nil Items included with question papers Nil 6 7 8 9 Instructions to Candidates In the boxes above‚ write your centre number‚ candidate number‚ your surname
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C H EM 301A - O rganic Chem istry L ecture N otes © Dr. Peter de Lijser‚ 2011 Introduction – Welcome to O-chem! “What is Organic Chemistry?” Organic chemistry is the chemistry of Carbon. “Why is Organic Chemistry Important for me?” Organic Chemistry is the central science for many other fields: • Medicine/Pharmacy: • Biochemistry: • Industrial Applications: • Reaction Mechanisms: What do "Organic Chemists" do? • Discover new reactions • Improve old reactions
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When you mix copper‚ silver‚ and nitrate together‚ you will end up with silver nitrate solution will turn blue (it has become copper nitrate). On the piece of copper‚ there would be a coating of solid silver. If a chemical reaction is going to be observed when chemicals are mixed‚ heated or any other means of altering the substance‚ then we will be able to predict the products formed. If it is observed that in the original versus the changed substance no new substances are formed‚ the change is reversible
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conducting the reaction in a very acidic environment‚ the alcohol group is converted into water‚ which is a weak base‚ and thus a good leaving group. Due to lack of steric interference‚ the primary carbon atom is now open to back-side attack. The bromide ion‚ which acts as the nucleophile attacks from the back-side and bonds to the carbon atom. As a result‚ 1-bromobutane is formed and water is given off as the leaving group. SN1 Reaction Mechanism: The reactions that take place in the second part of
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