Introduction The purpose of this lab is to synthesize Lidocaine from 2‚6-dimethylaniline‚ using diethyl amine‚ 2-chloroacetyl chloride‚ acetic acid‚ and toluene. The Lidocaine was made by adding 2‚6-dimethylaniline to 2-chloroacetyl chloride in acetic acid. Sodium acetate is added in order to make the compound soluble. The product is dried‚ then treated with diethyl amine and toluene. This is refluxed using a water-cooled reflux condenser. The vapor is condensed by the cold water as the compound
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William B. Heard Rigid Body Mechanics William B. Heard Rigid Body Mechanics Mathematics‚ Physics and Applications WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA The Author William B. Heard Alexandria‚ VA USA For a Solutions Manual‚ lecturers should contact the editorial department at physics@wiley-vch.de‚ stating their affiliation and the course in which they wish to use the book All books published by Wiley-VCH are carefully produced. Nevertheless‚ authors‚ editors‚ and publisher do not warrant the information
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TSINGHUA SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY ISSN ll 1007-0214 ll10/10 llpp599-605 Volume 17‚ Number 5‚ October 2012 CoP: An Ultra-Lightweight Secure Network Coding Scheme via Last Forwarder’s Proof Wei Ren1;2; ‚ Linchen Yu1 ‚ Liangli Ma3 1. School of Computer Science‚ China University of Geosciences‚ Wuhan 430074‚ China; 2. Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Computer Network‚ Jinan 250014‚ China; 3. Department of Computer Engineering‚ Naval University of Engineering‚ Wuhan 430033‚ China Abstract: Network
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PROJECT IN CHEM LAB. Submitted by: BHEA MARIE MENDOZA Submitted to: -CATIONS and ANIONS- Cations are positive charged ions. A cation has fewer electrons than protons. Anions are negatively charged ions. An anion has more electron than protons. The nature and magnitude of charge on ion depend on the position of an element in the periodic table. In forming an ion‚ an atom of a main group element loses gains electrons to obtain the electronic configuration of the noble gas
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Ashley Droddy CHM 235LL-Monday‚ 3/19/2012 & 3/26/2012 Part A: Dehydration of 1-butanol & 2-Butanol/Part B: Dehydrobromination of 1-Bromobutane & 2-Bromobutane Abstract The objective of this experiment is to successfully perform a dehydration of 1-butanol and 2-butanol‚ also dehydrobromination of 1-bromobutane and 2-bromobutane to form the alkene products 1-butene‚ trans-2-butene‚ and cis-2-butene. The dehydration reactions react under and acid-catalysis which follows an E1 mechanism
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presence of a good leaving group. Examples of good leaving groups include I- and Br-‚ where a poor leaving group includes F- and OH-. An E2 reaction works best with a secondary or tertiary carbon because primary carbons have more competition for SN2 reactions. Additionally‚ the E2 pathway occurs in one step and is referred to as a bimolecular concerted reaction. The concentration of substrate and the concentration of the base are important in determining the rate of an E2 reaction. An E1 reaction
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sodium sulphate. 4. Simple distillation to collect pure product Nucleophillic substitution ‘A nucleophile is a species which is strongly attracted to a region of positive charge in another molecule‚ and can donate an electron pair’ SN2
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water as it is produced in the reaction and deactivates it as a nucleophile. Deactivation of water keeps the alkyl halide from being transformed back to the alcohol by nucleophilic attack of water. The reaction of the primary substrate continues via an SN2 mechanism. Introduction Halogenoalkanes‚ also known as haloalkanes or alkyl halides‚ are organic compounds in which one or more hydrogen atoms in an alkane have been replaced by halogen atoms‚ fluorine‚ chlorine‚ bromine or iodine. In carbon-halogen
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Cu NR NR NR NR NR NR NR Mg R NR R R NR R R Sn R NR R NR NR NR NR Zn R NR R NR NR R R Fe R NR R NR NR R NR Steel (FeAl) R NR R NR NR R NR Table 1 : Predictions Metal/Cation Or Solution HCL Mg2+ H2O Cu2+ Zn2+ Fe2+ Sn2+ Cu Rusted‚ Less shiny No reaction No reaction bubbles bubbles tarnished No reaction Mg Bubbles‚ Hydrogen gas No reaction No reaction Tarnishing‚ Edges black bubbling rusting Liquefied dissolving Sn No reaction No reaction No reaction
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