2HOH (5) 2H3PO4 + 3Ca(OH)2 ----------> Ca3(PO4)2 + 6H2O These reactions in water have one feature in common: a hydrogen ion from one compound reacts with a hydroxide ion from the other compound to form water. The compound furnishing the hydrogen ion is called an acid and the one furnishing the hydroxide ion is called a base. The metal ion (the cation) of the base and the anion of the acid combine to form a salt. In this context‚ salt is essentially synonymous with ionic compound
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Green Chris Christopher is in his last year of his degree in Agrobiology. He needs to complete a 6 months internship with the Agri-food and Veterinary Authority AVA of Singapore. He has prior experience in growing crops of tomato and achieving at least a 95% yield. In the lab‚ his supervisor Dr Ong decided to challenge him. Dr Ong said: “Hi Christopher‚ welcome to our AVA laboratory. We are pleased to have you here. We have some problems growing Rhododendron.” Christopher replied: “Thank you
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examples of each type of acid undergoing a reaction with sodium hydroxide. Monoprotic: HCl(aq) + NaOH(aq) → H2O(l) + NaCl(aq) Diprotic: H2SO4(aq) + 2 NaOH(aq) → 2 H2O(l) + Na2SO4(aq) Triprotic: H3PO4(aq) + 3 NaOH(aq) → 3 H2O(l) + Na3PO4(aq) Any acid that has more than one proton that undergoes a reaction with a base is called a polyprotic acid. Citric acid is a weak‚ polyprotic acid that undergoes the following reaction with sodium hydroxide. H3C6H5O7(aq) + 3 NaOH(aq) → 3 H2O(l) + Na3C6H5O7(aq)
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318K at normal atmospheric pressure. It was found that the solubility of potassium hydrogen tartrate decreases with a decrease in temperature and consequently a smaller volume of sodium hydroxide is needed to neutralize it. The molar solubility of potassium hydrogen tartrate was calculated from the volume of sodium hydroxide used. The experimental result for the solubility at 298K was compared to literature data‚ to verify the reliability of this method. The experimental value is in agreement with the
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comparing the melting points of the two samples. II. Reactions and Properties M.W. m.p. b.p. d Methyl salicylate 152.1 -8 223 1.174 Salicylic acid 138.1 159 III. Experimental Procedures and Results Measure 30 ml of aqueous 6 M sodium hydroxide into the boiling flask‚ followed by 20.0 mmol of methyl salicylate and 2 boiling chips. Assemble condenser and start water flowing in it. Heat the mixture under reflux for 30 minutes and then‚ let reaction mixture cool down and transfer it to
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layer. Benzoic acid remained in dichloromethane while the benzocaine moved into the acid layer. To extract the benzocaine‚ 6 M of sodium hydroxide was added and the solution was filtrated through a hot vacuum filtration. The crystals were allowed to thoroughly dry for a week and the mass and melting point were recorded. To extract benzoic acid‚ 3 M of sodium hydroxide was added to the dichloromethane solution‚ and was then acidified with 6 M of hydrochloric acid. Hot filtration was conducted to extract
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cover slip. The paper should draw out the water and draw in the salt solution. 4. Observe the effects of the saline (salt) solution on the onion cells. Make a properly labeled‚ careful drawing of the cells’ appearance. 5. Replace the sodium chloride (NaCl) solution with distilled water in the same way that the salt solution was added. Make a properly labeled drawing of the cells’ appearance in the space provided. Answer the following questions: 1. Draw a diagram to indicate
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Solution Preparation: *hand sanitizer/ hand wash soap *small container *1g of agar powder *0.25g of beef extract stock *60mL of heated water *electronic balance *small spoons (2x) *teaspoons (2x) *0.2M Acetic Acid Solution (pH of 3) *0.2M Sodium Hydroxide Solution (pH of a 11) *100mL beaker (3 x) *Bunsen burner *lighter *heat-proof mat *tripod *gauze mat *stirring rod *Petri dishes (6x) *small wooden blocks *fine black marker Agar Plate Inoculation: *fine black marker *ruler
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letter for an unknown weak acid. 2) Put small quantities of the unknown into each dish. 3) Measure water and combine the water and sample while stirring. 4) Transfer measured acid solution to a flask and add 3 drops of phenolphthalein and sodium hydroxide solution while stirring. 5) Stir and add until pink color persists in the solution. 6) Mix solution by repeatedly pouring contents into a flask and beaker to thoroughly mix. 7) Measure pH level. 8) Dispose of contents and clean flask.
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Chemistry Assessment Practical and Report: Introduction: The experiment was conducted to find the unknown molarity of HCL. The unknown molarity of HCL was found by the use of the titration method and then comparing the results between the titrant and analyte HCL solutions. Molarity is a concentration unit‚ it is defined by the number of moles the total volume of the solution. This experiment included a process called titration‚ used to work out the unknown concentration of a known substance.
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