Argyle Communication Cycle
Assignment one
Verbal and non-verbal communication
Verbal communication is speech that shares information from one person to another. Speech is a quicker way to communicate with people than to send emails or letters to the person you are trying to communicate with. When using verbal communication it’s important that the speaker uses clear speech and pronounces each individual word correctly this is so that the person listening clearly hears the message and confusion isn’t caused.
Using the appropriate language is also important the person speaking needs to make sure they have considered the correct type of language to use for their audience, for example using formal …show more content…
or informal language, the language you use will change depending on which person you are talking to and the situation, if you are having an interview with the boss you would use formal language because it shows respect and understood by everyone so the person interviewing you will see that you are a formal person and could be appropriate for the job. If you was at the cinema with some friends you may choose to use informal language which includes slang and regional words because it can make people feel more comfortable, it is appropriate to talk to your friends informally because they are expecting it whereas it would be seen as disrespectful and as though you aren’t taking somebody serious if you talk to someone informally when they don’t expect it.
It is also important when talking to somebody you consider their age because if they’re only young and you start using really technical long words they might not understand what you are talking about, and if you’re talking to an older person and use language you’d be using when talking to a baby they could see this as disrespectful and could find that your being patronising to them and offend them.
Pace tone and pitch needs to be considered when talking to another person so that the message is delivered clearly. The pace is important because if you usually talk really fast around friends and family they are most likely used to this and will understand what you are saying but if you are talking to a client who you have never met before they may struggle to understand what you are saying. It may also change when talking to different clients because if you are talking to a younger person you may just talk at a normal pace whereas if you’re talking to somebody who suffers hearing impairment then you may need to talk a bit slower so they can understand what you are saying or so they can read your lips. Your tone and pitch is also really important for example again if you’re talking to someone who is a little hard of hearing you may need to talk a little louder so they can hear you clearly, also the situation and the conversation may decide how you use your tone and pitch for example if its bad news your delivering to someone you would probably chose a lower tone to show your sympathy but if you’re telling them something good and exciting you’d most likely use a high tone to show your excitement.
Non-discriminatory language must be used in conversations and this is really important, for example when you talk to somebody who as an hearing impairment you could talk to them slower and louder so they understand but if you was to talk to every old person in this way it could upset them and be disrespectful towards them because your automatically stereotyping them thinking that they can’t hear properly. Non-discriminatory language is important because you can’t change the things you say to somebody depending on who they are but you may need to change the way you say them depending on who they are.
Non-verbal communication is the use of your body and what your body language is saying or hand gestures. This can include posture, facial expressions, tone of voice, use of touch and personal space.
When talking to somebody you’d want your posture to be good, if you’re stood up straight you look more interested and this shows that you want to listen to what you’re being told, but if you are slouched with your arms folded then it gives the impression that you’re not interested or not listening to what they’re saying. It is much more respectful to stand with a positive posture.
Your facial expressions have an effect on how you should act during a conversation, it’s really important that you remember to use appropriate facial expressions when in a conversation, for example if somebody is telling you some bad news you wouldn’t stand smirking or giggling you would show a facial expression which indicates you are shocked or sad depending what effect the news would have on you.
Eye contact can also be used to show that your are respecting the person and interested in them, for example if you are talking to a client and show eye contact it is clear that your are paying attention to them and listening to what they are telling you, whereas if you was playing with your pen or hands and looking at the floor rather than them it could seem disrespectful and as though you aren’t actually listening to them and this could make them feel offended and disrespected by the way you don’t show any interest.
An appropriate amount of touch is important when in a conversation with somebody else, if somebody is touching you constantly while in a conversation it could make them feel really uncomfortable or awkward. If you are going to touch somebody during the conversation you must make sure that it’s appropriate such as if you have delivered bad news to someone you could put your hand on their shoulder to show them support or that you’re there for them.
Gestures are done sometimes automatically when talking to somebody or listening to what somebody is saying but it’s important you are carful that when you do it you’re not causing offense or coming across as disrespectful to the person you’re in conversation with, for example if somebody is telling you something and you shrugged your shoulders it could make them feel as though you’re not interested or you’re not bothered about what they’re saying and it could offend them.
When talking to somebody you need to be careful that you aren’t using threatening use of body language, this could be In situations where you are being defensive or talking about something that’s important to you it’s important you are careful not to come across as threatening through how your body language is. You could look threatening if you were scowling at somebody or had your arms folded staring down at them.
You also need to make sure that you’re respecting someone else’s personal space some people might not like it when you’re really close to them and in their face it could make them feel uncomfortable in the situation, so it’s important you respect this and don’t get too close. Different cultures have different barriers on how much personal space should be given some cultures might give each other lots of space and find it disrespectful to stand really close where as others may prefer to be close to people when they talk to show them respect, for example in some Arab countries male friends hold hands and don’t see this as unusual whereas if a man was to hold hands with his friend in England people could judge them and think this is strange.
Reflective listening is used in conversations to show that you have heard what is being said and that you are listening or paying attention, it’s done to positively show that you are respecting them. Reflective listening is sometimes done by using different methods to show that you have understood what has been said, for example you could react to what’s been said by using the same emotional state as how it was said to you for example if somebody told you something in a low tone and sounding as though there was quite emotional if you replied in the same way a low tone and in an emotional voice it can reflect to what they said and show they’ve been listening.
Methods of communication
Written communication is information that can be wrote down, written communication can be presented in many different ways such as a letter, leaflet, appointment cards or care plans. For example leaflets can be made including any information on a subject people may want to know more about, for example in a doctors surgery they could be leaflets about cancer on the walls of the waiting room, and these usually show the symptoms for you to look out for and gives you some information about how important it is to spot these signs early. Written communication in letters are used to tell another person something, they can be formal or informal, a formal letter could be sent from a school to their pupils parents so that they can inform them of anything important happening. Appointment cards are an effective method for example in doctor’s surgery’s, hospitals, dentists and opticians, when a client goes in to make an appointment the person working on reception could write them out an appointment card so that the patient can pin it up on the calendar or somewhere they will see it so they don’t forget that they have the appointment, the cards usually just have the basic information such as where it’s at, which professional its with and the time and date of the appointment.
Oral communication is known as speech, oral communication is where information is shared by talking to another person, for example these can be used in face to face appointments like in a doctors the patient will go and see their doctor and tell them what the problem is and gives them there symptoms so the doctor can find out what’s wrong with them then he or she can diagnose the patient with their illness this would all be done orally so it’s oral communication.
Technological communication is communicating with another individual or sharing information through technology, this can be done through computers or laptops and mobile phones, such as emails or texts. Emails and texts can both be used to send a patient in an opticians a reminder of their appointment for example the day before their appointment they could send the text or email so the patient won’t forget, they could also be used in schools to remind parents of inset days or any important information that could affect them.
Alternative communication is another way to communicate with other people this is usually know as Sign language, Makaton or Braille. Sign language is visually communicating through gestures, facial expressions or body language. It’s usually used by people who are deaf or have hearing impairments. It could be used in schools where deaf people go to so they can communicate with one another. Makaton is a language program that uses signs and symbols so that people can communicate, it’s designed to support spoken language. Makaton can be used by mute or deaf people in health and social care services. Braille is a series of dots put into patterns that they can be felt. The dots makes up words or phrases that blind people can read through touching them, braille is used so blind people can communicate.
Communication in context
A context of communication is known as the setting around where the conversation is taking place, the person you are talking to and the audience of the conversation. The context of communication also includes knowing what should be said in different situations and how to deal with it, the context of the conversation often helps people to make sense of a message that you may struggle to understand on its own. For example if you said to somebody “Could you pass me that chip please” and you was in a food restaurant you would expect somebody to pass you a piece of food where as if you was sat in a manufacturing factory where computers are made and someone said the exact same sentence you would probably expect someone to pass you a computer chip not some food. This shows how the context the person is in changes how the message is understood.
Formal communication is mainly used between professionals and clients within a work place. So that you clearly understand one another and there’s no confusion between the messages passed. For example if you went into a doctors the doctor would probably talk to you formally and use medical terms or biological terms for parts of the body and come across as formal like they’re talking to a client and not a friend.
Informal communication is usually used between friends or family and somebody you know well, this is because they may understand your slang and regional words and no confusion will be caused. When you visit the doctors you wouldn’t expect the doctor to use slang words or talk to you as though you’re close friends because it can be seen as disrespectful.
When talking to a colleague at work you could use formal or informal language depending on which colleague it is, how much you know them, what the conversation is about and the setting of the conversation. For example if you had become close friends with the colleague then you could possibly use informal language because they wouldn’t feel disrespected and they would maybe expect it so there would be nothing wrong with this. If the colleague is higher up than you or as some authority in the business then its most likely going to be that you would speak formally to them to show respect. In some circumstances you may need to talk to a close colleague formally, for example if you’re in a meeting and you need to talk to the colleague your friends with you’d need to speak formally because of the situation you’re in and the reason for the conversation.
Multi agency working is where other professionals from the same profession but different organisations need to come together to discuss important things. For example teachers may need to meet teachers from other schools to see if they need to know any new things and try to learn new ways of teaching. The teachers would need to understand that each person may have different terminology so need to be careful how they say things. The professionals will probably use formal language so that each message is clearly understood and there isn’t any misunderstanding, the use of formal language will help each professional to trust one another and respect the others in the meeting.
Multi professional working is where professionals come together to work with each other from different organisations who have different backgrounds. For example in an health and social care setting if a child as a social worker and they need to call an important meeting about the child then their doctor, teachers and other professionals who may have an impact on the child’s life may be called together to discuss the child. In this situation it’s important that each person would understand that each professional might not use the same terminology so they would need to use formal language in the meeting so that each professional as a clear understanding of what is being said and it can minimise the chances of misunderstanding a message this reduces barriers being made in communication and the understanding of the message. Sometimes in these situations conversation may need to be planned so they know exactly what it is that needs to be discussed and so the conversation meets the needs of why it was needed.
Theories of communication
A cycle was invented to help communication be successful and to prevent problems from happening, this cycle was invented by a man called Michael Argyle.
His theory is called Argyles communication cycle. The cycle as 6 steps in it. First of all the idea occurs this is where you decide what you want to send, problems will occur this early on if the message you are going to send if the message is vague or not conceived as well as it should be. At the second step the message is coded. This is where the form of communication is decided, such as whether it’s written or spoken and if it’s formal or informal. It’s also decided at this stage who will be receiving the message. The third step is the message being sent, a problem could occur if the wrong type of communication has been chosen. The fourth stage is the message being received the sender would need to watch out for any nonverbal clues to say that the message has been received. Stage five the message is decoded this means that the person receiving the message has interpreted the message, there could be a problem if the receiver interprets the message the wrong way. Stage six is where the message is understood this is where you would find out if the message you sent has been understood once the message has been fully understood they would respond and the cycle starts again. The cycle breaks down the way a conversation works and helps to make sure messages are sent correctly and understood without
confusion.
Another cycle was thought of by a man called Tuckman, he came up with a theory “Tuckmans Theory” This helps making a group and making sure that they will be successful. This has four stages these are the following;
Forming- This is where people are put into a group to work together. People in the group might not like whom they have to work with so they could become angry or sulk about the group they’re in.
Storming- This is where each person in the group is given a specific role which they will have to follow to perform the best team and for it to work well. This could cause problems if someone wants to be in charge and not given this role, the group could then argue over who will get the important roles.
Norming- At this stage the group starts to trust one another and is able to work well alongside each other without arguments, the group will form a common set of values.
Performing- the group will have all the same set of norms and values
Verbal and non-verbal communication
Verbal communication is speech that shares information from one person to another. Speech is a quicker way to communicate with people than to send emails or letters to the person you are trying to communicate with. When using verbal communication it’s important that the speaker uses clear speech and pronounces each individual word correctly this is so that the person listening clearly hears the message and confusion isn’t caused.
Using the appropriate language is also important the person speaking needs to make sure they have considered the correct type of language to use for their audience, for example using formal …show more content…
or informal language, the language you use will change depending on which person you are talking to and the situation, if you are having an interview with the boss you would use formal language because it shows respect and understood by everyone so the person interviewing you will see that you are a formal person and could be appropriate for the job. If you was at the cinema with some friends you may choose to use informal language which includes slang and regional words because it can make people feel more comfortable, it is appropriate to talk to your friends informally because they are expecting it whereas it would be seen as disrespectful and as though you aren’t taking somebody serious if you talk to someone informally when they don’t expect it.
It is also important when talking to somebody you consider their age because if they’re only young and you start using really technical long words they might not understand what you are talking about, and if you’re talking to an older person and use language you’d be using when talking to a baby they could see this as disrespectful and could find that your being patronising to them and offend them.
Pace tone and pitch needs to be considered when talking to another person so that the message is delivered clearly. The pace is important because if you usually talk really fast around friends and family they are most likely used to this and will understand what you are saying but if you are talking to a client who you have never met before they may struggle to understand what you are saying. It may also change when talking to different clients because if you are talking to a younger person you may just talk at a normal pace whereas if you’re talking to somebody who suffers hearing impairment then you may need to talk a bit slower so they can understand what you are saying or so they can read your lips. Your tone and pitch is also really important for example again if you’re talking to someone who is a little hard of hearing you may need to talk a little louder so they can hear you clearly, also the situation and the conversation may decide how you use your tone and pitch for example if its bad news your delivering to someone you would probably chose a lower tone to show your sympathy but if you’re telling them something good and exciting you’d most likely use a high tone to show your excitement.
Non-discriminatory language must be used in conversations and this is really important, for example when you talk to somebody who as an hearing impairment you could talk to them slower and louder so they understand but if you was to talk to every old person in this way it could upset them and be disrespectful towards them because your automatically stereotyping them thinking that they can’t hear properly. Non-discriminatory language is important because you can’t change the things you say to somebody depending on who they are but you may need to change the way you say them depending on who they are.
Non-verbal communication is the use of your body and what your body language is saying or hand gestures. This can include posture, facial expressions, tone of voice, use of touch and personal space.
When talking to somebody you’d want your posture to be good, if you’re stood up straight you look more interested and this shows that you want to listen to what you’re being told, but if you are slouched with your arms folded then it gives the impression that you’re not interested or not listening to what they’re saying. It is much more respectful to stand with a positive posture.
Your facial expressions have an effect on how you should act during a conversation, it’s really important that you remember to use appropriate facial expressions when in a conversation, for example if somebody is telling you some bad news you wouldn’t stand smirking or giggling you would show a facial expression which indicates you are shocked or sad depending what effect the news would have on you.
Eye contact can also be used to show that your are respecting the person and interested in them, for example if you are talking to a client and show eye contact it is clear that your are paying attention to them and listening to what they are telling you, whereas if you was playing with your pen or hands and looking at the floor rather than them it could seem disrespectful and as though you aren’t actually listening to them and this could make them feel offended and disrespected by the way you don’t show any interest.
An appropriate amount of touch is important when in a conversation with somebody else, if somebody is touching you constantly while in a conversation it could make them feel really uncomfortable or awkward. If you are going to touch somebody during the conversation you must make sure that it’s appropriate such as if you have delivered bad news to someone you could put your hand on their shoulder to show them support or that you’re there for them.
Gestures are done sometimes automatically when talking to somebody or listening to what somebody is saying but it’s important you are carful that when you do it you’re not causing offense or coming across as disrespectful to the person you’re in conversation with, for example if somebody is telling you something and you shrugged your shoulders it could make them feel as though you’re not interested or you’re not bothered about what they’re saying and it could offend them.
When talking to somebody you need to be careful that you aren’t using threatening use of body language, this could be In situations where you are being defensive or talking about something that’s important to you it’s important you are careful not to come across as threatening through how your body language is. You could look threatening if you were scowling at somebody or had your arms folded staring down at them.
You also need to make sure that you’re respecting someone else’s personal space some people might not like it when you’re really close to them and in their face it could make them feel uncomfortable in the situation, so it’s important you respect this and don’t get too close. Different cultures have different barriers on how much personal space should be given some cultures might give each other lots of space and find it disrespectful to stand really close where as others may prefer to be close to people when they talk to show them respect, for example in some Arab countries male friends hold hands and don’t see this as unusual whereas if a man was to hold hands with his friend in England people could judge them and think this is strange.
Reflective listening is used in conversations to show that you have heard what is being said and that you are listening or paying attention, it’s done to positively show that you are respecting them. Reflective listening is sometimes done by using different methods to show that you have understood what has been said, for example you could react to what’s been said by using the same emotional state as how it was said to you for example if somebody told you something in a low tone and sounding as though there was quite emotional if you replied in the same way a low tone and in an emotional voice it can reflect to what they said and show they’ve been listening.
Methods of communication
Written communication is information that can be wrote down, written communication can be presented in many different ways such as a letter, leaflet, appointment cards or care plans. For example leaflets can be made including any information on a subject people may want to know more about, for example in a doctors surgery they could be leaflets about cancer on the walls of the waiting room, and these usually show the symptoms for you to look out for and gives you some information about how important it is to spot these signs early. Written communication in letters are used to tell another person something, they can be formal or informal, a formal letter could be sent from a school to their pupils parents so that they can inform them of anything important happening. Appointment cards are an effective method for example in doctor’s surgery’s, hospitals, dentists and opticians, when a client goes in to make an appointment the person working on reception could write them out an appointment card so that the patient can pin it up on the calendar or somewhere they will see it so they don’t forget that they have the appointment, the cards usually just have the basic information such as where it’s at, which professional its with and the time and date of the appointment.
Oral communication is known as speech, oral communication is where information is shared by talking to another person, for example these can be used in face to face appointments like in a doctors the patient will go and see their doctor and tell them what the problem is and gives them there symptoms so the doctor can find out what’s wrong with them then he or she can diagnose the patient with their illness this would all be done orally so it’s oral communication.
Technological communication is communicating with another individual or sharing information through technology, this can be done through computers or laptops and mobile phones, such as emails or texts. Emails and texts can both be used to send a patient in an opticians a reminder of their appointment for example the day before their appointment they could send the text or email so the patient won’t forget, they could also be used in schools to remind parents of inset days or any important information that could affect them.
Alternative communication is another way to communicate with other people this is usually know as Sign language, Makaton or Braille. Sign language is visually communicating through gestures, facial expressions or body language. It’s usually used by people who are deaf or have hearing impairments. It could be used in schools where deaf people go to so they can communicate with one another. Makaton is a language program that uses signs and symbols so that people can communicate, it’s designed to support spoken language. Makaton can be used by mute or deaf people in health and social care services. Braille is a series of dots put into patterns that they can be felt. The dots makes up words or phrases that blind people can read through touching them, braille is used so blind people can communicate.
Communication in context
A context of communication is known as the setting around where the conversation is taking place, the person you are talking to and the audience of the conversation. The context of communication also includes knowing what should be said in different situations and how to deal with it, the context of the conversation often helps people to make sense of a message that you may struggle to understand on its own. For example if you said to somebody “Could you pass me that chip please” and you was in a food restaurant you would expect somebody to pass you a piece of food where as if you was sat in a manufacturing factory where computers are made and someone said the exact same sentence you would probably expect someone to pass you a computer chip not some food. This shows how the context the person is in changes how the message is understood.
Formal communication is mainly used between professionals and clients within a work place. So that you clearly understand one another and there’s no confusion between the messages passed. For example if you went into a doctors the doctor would probably talk to you formally and use medical terms or biological terms for parts of the body and come across as formal like they’re talking to a client and not a friend.
Informal communication is usually used between friends or family and somebody you know well, this is because they may understand your slang and regional words and no confusion will be caused. When you visit the doctors you wouldn’t expect the doctor to use slang words or talk to you as though you’re close friends because it can be seen as disrespectful.
When talking to a colleague at work you could use formal or informal language depending on which colleague it is, how much you know them, what the conversation is about and the setting of the conversation. For example if you had become close friends with the colleague then you could possibly use informal language because they wouldn’t feel disrespected and they would maybe expect it so there would be nothing wrong with this. If the colleague is higher up than you or as some authority in the business then its most likely going to be that you would speak formally to them to show respect. In some circumstances you may need to talk to a close colleague formally, for example if you’re in a meeting and you need to talk to the colleague your friends with you’d need to speak formally because of the situation you’re in and the reason for the conversation.
Multi agency working is where other professionals from the same profession but different organisations need to come together to discuss important things. For example teachers may need to meet teachers from other schools to see if they need to know any new things and try to learn new ways of teaching. The teachers would need to understand that each person may have different terminology so need to be careful how they say things. The professionals will probably use formal language so that each message is clearly understood and there isn’t any misunderstanding, the use of formal language will help each professional to trust one another and respect the others in the meeting.
Multi professional working is where professionals come together to work with each other from different organisations who have different backgrounds. For example in an health and social care setting if a child as a social worker and they need to call an important meeting about the child then their doctor, teachers and other professionals who may have an impact on the child’s life may be called together to discuss the child. In this situation it’s important that each person would understand that each professional might not use the same terminology so they would need to use formal language in the meeting so that each professional as a clear understanding of what is being said and it can minimise the chances of misunderstanding a message this reduces barriers being made in communication and the understanding of the message. Sometimes in these situations conversation may need to be planned so they know exactly what it is that needs to be discussed and so the conversation meets the needs of why it was needed.
Theories of communication
A cycle was invented to help communication be successful and to prevent problems from happening, this cycle was invented by a man called Michael Argyle.
His theory is called Argyles communication cycle. The cycle as 6 steps in it. First of all the idea occurs this is where you decide what you want to send, problems will occur this early on if the message you are going to send if the message is vague or not conceived as well as it should be. At the second step the message is coded. This is where the form of communication is decided, such as whether it’s written or spoken and if it’s formal or informal. It’s also decided at this stage who will be receiving the message. The third step is the message being sent, a problem could occur if the wrong type of communication has been chosen. The fourth stage is the message being received the sender would need to watch out for any nonverbal clues to say that the message has been received. Stage five the message is decoded this means that the person receiving the message has interpreted the message, there could be a problem if the receiver interprets the message the wrong way. Stage six is where the message is understood this is where you would find out if the message you sent has been understood once the message has been fully understood they would respond and the cycle starts again. The cycle breaks down the way a conversation works and helps to make sure messages are sent correctly and understood without
confusion.
Another cycle was thought of by a man called Tuckman, he came up with a theory “Tuckmans Theory” This helps making a group and making sure that they will be successful. This has four stages these are the following;
Forming- This is where people are put into a group to work together. People in the group might not like whom they have to work with so they could become angry or sulk about the group they’re in.
Storming- This is where each person in the group is given a specific role which they will have to follow to perform the best team and for it to work well. This could cause problems if someone wants to be in charge and not given this role, the group could then argue over who will get the important roles.
Norming- At this stage the group starts to trust one another and is able to work well alongside each other without arguments, the group will form a common set of values.
Performing- the group will have all the same set of norms and values