BIO 3U1 Study Notes
BIO UNIT 1 STUDY NOTES
History of Classification
Aristotle (384-322 BC)
-greek philosopher
-classified living things in 2 kingdoms (ANIMALS AND PLANTS)
-Plants = herbs, shrubs & trees
-Animals= those of sea, air and land
-lasted 2000 years
Theophrastus (372-287 BC)
- “Father of Botany”
- 2 botanical works
Andrea Cesalpino (1519-1603)
- Italian physician
- created 1st new system of classifying plants
- classified plants on the basis of the structure of their fruits and seeds
John Ray
- english clergyman
- plants according to similarities&differences
- based on observation
- first to use the word “SPECIES”
Carolus Linnaeus (1707-1778)
- Swedish Botanist
- the origin of scientific names
- considered the ‘Father of Taxonomy”
- developed Binomial Nomenclature
- two Latin or Latinized words
- first letter of the Genus name is always capitalized.. the species name is entirely lower case
- arranged organisms based on common structural features
- Linnaeus settled with Latin
- altered to accommodate micro-organism
TAXON ORDER:
DOMAIN(3): Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya
KINGDOM(6): Bacteria, Archaea, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia
PHYLUM
CLASS
ORDER
FAMILY
GENUS
SPECIES
Herbert F. Copeland (1902-1968)
- American who re-classified all the micro-organisms
- championed that Protista was different then other organisms in 1956
Robert H. Whitaker (1924-1980)
- An american
- founded the “Five Kingdom System”
- most recent is kingdoms and prokaryotes have been split into eubateria, bacteria and archeobacteria Carl P. Woese (1960’s)
- proposed another taxon larger then a kingdom
- called it a domain
- placed in 1 of 3 domains
- based on nucleic acid studies (specifically ribosomal RNA)
Classification
Modern Critera?
1) Morphological (cell type)
2) Physiological & Metabolic (ex. Reproduction) (asexual v. sexual)
(autotroph?/ heterotroph?) (vertebra or envertibray)
3) Ecological (Range and Life cycle)
4) Molecular (Protein analysis
History of Classification
Aristotle (384-322 BC)
-greek philosopher
-classified living things in 2 kingdoms (ANIMALS AND PLANTS)
-Plants = herbs, shrubs & trees
-Animals= those of sea, air and land
-lasted 2000 years
Theophrastus (372-287 BC)
- “Father of Botany”
- 2 botanical works
Andrea Cesalpino (1519-1603)
- Italian physician
- created 1st new system of classifying plants
- classified plants on the basis of the structure of their fruits and seeds
John Ray
- english clergyman
- plants according to similarities&differences
- based on observation
- first to use the word “SPECIES”
Carolus Linnaeus (1707-1778)
- Swedish Botanist
- the origin of scientific names
- considered the ‘Father of Taxonomy”
- developed Binomial Nomenclature
- two Latin or Latinized words
- first letter of the Genus name is always capitalized.. the species name is entirely lower case
- arranged organisms based on common structural features
- Linnaeus settled with Latin
- altered to accommodate micro-organism
TAXON ORDER:
DOMAIN(3): Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya
KINGDOM(6): Bacteria, Archaea, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia
PHYLUM
CLASS
ORDER
FAMILY
GENUS
SPECIES
Herbert F. Copeland (1902-1968)
- American who re-classified all the micro-organisms
- championed that Protista was different then other organisms in 1956
Robert H. Whitaker (1924-1980)
- An american
- founded the “Five Kingdom System”
- most recent is kingdoms and prokaryotes have been split into eubateria, bacteria and archeobacteria Carl P. Woese (1960’s)
- proposed another taxon larger then a kingdom
- called it a domain
- placed in 1 of 3 domains
- based on nucleic acid studies (specifically ribosomal RNA)
Classification
Modern Critera?
1) Morphological (cell type)
2) Physiological & Metabolic (ex. Reproduction) (asexual v. sexual)
(autotroph?/ heterotroph?) (vertebra or envertibray)
3) Ecological (Range and Life cycle)
4) Molecular (Protein analysis