exponentially over the past couple hundred years. Ronald Lee, who is an economic professor at the University of California claimed that in the 1700's, the world had a population of .68 billion people and many were only expected to live until their late twenties. More currently in 2000, the population had risen to about 6.07 billion and people were expected to live until their late sixties (Text 1). This roughly means that since the Modern Revolution started, the population and life expectancy has constantly kept increasing. In the future, it is estimated there will be 9.46 billion people and a life expectancy of around 81 years in 2100 (Text 1). The major population increase created a need for education and schooling. At the time
Brown 2 education was becoming more important because if more people were literate, they would have a better chance of making new discoveries that could benefit the planet and humans as a whole. According to the United Nations Educational, "In 1850, only 10 percent of the world's population, or about 120 million people, could read and write" (Text 3). Before the Modern Revolution started many people were not educated because they simply did not have the chance or needs to get one. However, today it is vital that citizens earn an education in order to be able to create new ideas for society. Furthermore, new innovations were created to help societies become more advanced.
Since the 1800's, many innovations such as the electric battery, light bulbs, television, computers, and credit cards have all been invented (Text 4). This means in just over 200 years, these inventions have been created and are still being used today in the world. The Modern Revolution has helped in the development of inventions from steam locomotives and postage stamps to robots and the internet. For example, machines like the electric telegraph made it easier to send messages and allowed responses to be sent back faster. Other more luxury inventions like the credit card helps an individual to buy items without having actual money on hand. Without the Modern Revolution taking place, many innovations that helped advance and revolutionize the world would have not been created. During this time, vaccines were being developed that would help people fight off diseases and other viruses. Before these vaccines had been invented, many people died from sicknesses because their immune systems were not used to the germs in them. The National Centers of Disease Control in the United States said "Vaccines produce immunity to a disease by
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3 stimulating the production of antibodies" (Text 5). This means when a person gets vaccinated, their body will create natural antibodies which will help them recognize and fight the disease better. By creating a vaccine for an illness, it introduced a person's body to the germs that make up the virus. This can allow for the body to get used to the germs and helps the immune system to fight off the virus if it comes across it in the future. Arguably, the need for vaccines due to people getting sick more often can be an effect of urbanization. Other people may believe that the cause of increased illness is not due to urbanization but to the development of new diseases since the start of the population growth. However, the World Urbanization Prospects stated "The number of cities in the world with a population of over 10 million people is growing" (Text 2). This means that if cities are still growing with that many people already, it can be way easier for viruses to have an outbreak which can cause people to get sick all at once. This proves that the increase in people did not cause new diseases to be developed. For instance, before people started moving to urban areas like cities, they did not get illnesses as regularly as they do now. With so many humans living in one place, germs can be passed on more quickly because everyone is closer together and are being exposed to the same sicknesses. In rural areas, people are further away from one another, meaning germs cannot be transmitted as fast since there is no direct exposure to them. Since the Modern Revolution, the development of vaccines has helped people fight off diseases and other everyday sicknesses that they before could not. The Modern Revolution allowed for population and life expectancies to grow, new innovations to be made, and for vaccines to be created. Population growth and life expectancy
Brown 4 have continuously grown since the start of the revolution and are expected to keep rising. The need for citizens to be educated and literate increased drastically because of population growth. New innovations have made it possible for everyday tasks to be done faster and easier than before. Vaccines have helped people become immune to viruses by allowing a person's body to be exposed to the germs that make up the disease. In urban areas, having treatments like vaccines can also prevent people being overly exposed to certain germs to help not get sick. The Modern Revolution will forever leave positive lasting effects on the world's societies and its people because of the advancements it helped create.
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INVESTIGATION
To what extent has the Modern Revolution been a positive or a negative