The Effects of Computer Games to Academic Performance of Students
CHAPTER 1
THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND Personal computer game (also known as computer game or simply pc game) is a video game played in the personal computer, rather than on a video console or arcade machine. Computer games have evolved from the simple graphics and game play of early titles like Space War, to a wide range of more visually advanced titles. PC games are created by one or more game developers, often in conjunction with other specialists (such as game artists) and either published dependently or through a third party publisher. They may then be distributed on physical media such as DVDs and CDs, as Internet-downloadable shareware, or through online delivery services such as Direct2Drive and Steam. PC games often require specialized hardware in the user’s computer in order to play, such as specific generation of graphics processing unit or an Internet connection for online play, although these system requirements vary from game to game. Space War, developed for the PDP-1 in 1961, is often credited as being the first ever computer game. The game consisted of two player-controlled spaceships maneuvering around a central star, each attempting to destroy the other. Although personal computers only became popular with the development micro processor, mainframe and minicomputers, computer gaming has existed since at least the 1960s. One of the first computer games was developed in 1961, when MIT students Martin Graetz and Alan Kotok, with MIT employee Steve Russel, developed Space War On a PD-1 computer used for statistical calculations. The first generations of PC games were often text adventures or interactive fiction, in which the player communicated with the computer by entering commands through a keyboard. The first text adventure, Adventure, was developed for the PDP-11 by Will Crowther in 1976, and expanded by Don Woods in 1977. By the 1980s, personal computers have become powerful enough to run
THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND Personal computer game (also known as computer game or simply pc game) is a video game played in the personal computer, rather than on a video console or arcade machine. Computer games have evolved from the simple graphics and game play of early titles like Space War, to a wide range of more visually advanced titles. PC games are created by one or more game developers, often in conjunction with other specialists (such as game artists) and either published dependently or through a third party publisher. They may then be distributed on physical media such as DVDs and CDs, as Internet-downloadable shareware, or through online delivery services such as Direct2Drive and Steam. PC games often require specialized hardware in the user’s computer in order to play, such as specific generation of graphics processing unit or an Internet connection for online play, although these system requirements vary from game to game. Space War, developed for the PDP-1 in 1961, is often credited as being the first ever computer game. The game consisted of two player-controlled spaceships maneuvering around a central star, each attempting to destroy the other. Although personal computers only became popular with the development micro processor, mainframe and minicomputers, computer gaming has existed since at least the 1960s. One of the first computer games was developed in 1961, when MIT students Martin Graetz and Alan Kotok, with MIT employee Steve Russel, developed Space War On a PD-1 computer used for statistical calculations. The first generations of PC games were often text adventures or interactive fiction, in which the player communicated with the computer by entering commands through a keyboard. The first text adventure, Adventure, was developed for the PDP-11 by Will Crowther in 1976, and expanded by Don Woods in 1977. By the 1980s, personal computers have become powerful enough to run