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Toward an Urban Sociology of Mega-Events

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Toward an Urban Sociology of Mega-Events
TOWARD AN URBAN SOCIOLOGY OF MEGA-EVENTS

Harry H. Hiller

INTRODUCTION
The density and diversity of urban populations has long been understood to provide a context for the expression of various forms of collective behavior in the public spaces of cities (Mumford 1961; Lofland 1998; Castells 1983; Jukes 1990; Jacobs 1961). From street festivals, parades, and pilgrimages to riots, marches of resistance, and demonstrations, such expressive and instrumental activities have been among the most observable aspects of urban social life. Juxtaposed next to more spontaneous behavior supported by large urban agglomerations were large planned gatherings of people for religious, sporting, or political purposes in cathedrals, coliseums, or state buildings. Special events provided occasions for celebration, commemoration, or declaration as emotions intensified, generating excitement that altered the daily routines of urban dwellers. Even special market days could draw crowds to specified locations in a congested city in a manner that altered the nature of urban living. Cities and their public spaces have always provided an environment for a wide range of special events that changed the daily rhythm of city life (Whyte 1980).
Research in Urban Sociology, Volume 5, pages 181-205. Copyright © 2000 by JAI Press Inc. All rights of reproduction in any form reserved. ISBN: 0-7623-0540-1

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HARRY H. HILLER

In the contemporary era, cities continue to be centers for special events that draw people like magnets from within the city as well as beyond. Some special events are primarily local, whereas others are deliberately planned to attract nonresidents, such as festivals, major sporting events, or conferences (Getz 1997). Some events are a regularized part of city life (e.g., taking place annually) while others are one-time events specially awarded to a city. Given the process of globalization (Sassen 1991), some special events have become so significant, as a


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