Name two feedback loops that regulate digestive system smooth muscle responsible for propulsive and mixing movements.…
A. An ulcer starts by eroding the mucosa of the G.I. tract wall. What functions of digestion and/or reabsorption might be lost if this layer is no longer functional? What functions will be compromised if the ulcer eats through the submucosa and then the muscularis?…
21) Produces muscle relaxation and lengthening in response to tension; the contracting muscle relaxes as its antagonist is activated.…
B) Tropomyosin serves as a contraction inhibitor by blocking the myosin binding sites on the actin molecules.…
The kidney has two layers, which consists of the outer cortex and the inner medulla. The outer cortex has many capillaries. The glomerular are found within the renal cortex of the kidneys. The glomerular are small clusters of capillaries within the kidneys. The inner medulla has many blood vessels and tubules. The inner medulla consists of the renal pyramids and renal columns, which separate the pyramids and have blood vessels. The second structure in the urinary system is the ureters. The ureters are a yellow color found connected to the kidneys and the urinary bladder. The ureters have three layers. The first layer from inside out is the mucosa layer, which is composed of transitional epithelium. The second layer is the muscularis layer, which is composed of smooth muscle. The third and final layer in the ureters is the adventitia layer, which is composed of outer fibrous connective tissue. The next structure in the urinary system is the urinary bladder. There is only one urinary bladder in a person. The urinary bladder is a sac, almost looking like a deflated balloon when empty, and located on pelvic floor posterior to pubic symphysis. The urinary bladder wall has three layers. The first layer is the mucosa layer, which is composed of transitional…
G. The adrenergic receptors regulate the closing of sphincters and relaxation of the organ walls.…
1) The mechanical and chemical receptors that control digestive activity are located in the walls of the GI tract organ. (854)…
Smooth muscle- are involuntary muscles found in the walls of hollow organs like the stomach, intestines or bladder. Smooth Muscles have many functions in the body, but one of the functions of smooth muscles in the bladder contracts to push urine out of the body.…
Diabetic Retinopathy, which is loss of vision and blindness, happens when tiny blood vessels grow in the eye, and the high concentration of glucose in fluid that are around the eye makes them fragile. Tiny bulges can be developed in the retina and it can develop in other areas in the eye, and if they start to leak or burst, the fluid and blood can spread throughout the eye. After it starts spreading, blood clot and scar tissue can start to form in front of the retina, which prevents light from hitting the retina, causing blindness. If the fluid is released it can cause swelling which leads to blurred vision. There is no treatment when this occurs ,but the prevention of the build up of glucose surrounding the blood vessels in the eye and the…
Ureters: receive urine from the kidneys and conduct it to the urinary bladder. Urine movement involves a combo of gravity and the peristaltic contractions of smooth muscle in the walls of the ureters…
This lab consisted of discovering what solutions will cause a muscle to contract. A muscle contraction is when the muscle shortens. A contraction, occurs when the brain delivers a message to a motor neuron (Cooper 18). The motor neuron, Ach attaches to a cell causing a release of Calcium (18). The Calcium ion is released from sarcoplasmic reticulum of the muscle (18). The calcium ion attaches the voltage gate Calcium channels in the transverse tubules (extensions of the muscle cell membrane) then diffusion…
The cause of weak muscles that can lead to rectal prolapse is not completely understood.…
Continuous Bladder Irrigation (CBI) Pre-Test 1. What is the purpose of continuous bladder irrigation (CBI)? (select all that apply) a) To flush the bladder with normal saline to prevent or treat clot formation b) To instill medications such as antibiotics for treating bladder infections 2.…
of the muscle depends on the load against which it is contracting as well as on its current geometry and its state of activation, and that load consists largely of the hydrodynamic (viscous) forces required to move the urine. A theoretical analysis and numerical solutions were reported for peristaltic flow through a distensible tube of limited length [5]. Their results showed that in flow with isolated boluses, the pressure/flow relation was determined by the active and passive properties of the tube undergoing peristalsis and not by the outlet. Dynamics of the upper urinary tract and the effect of variations of bladder pressure on pyeloureteral pressure/flow relations have been studied by many researchers [6] but none of them included wall properties in their studies. Here an axisymmetric non-linear FSI model using ureteral real data is presented. II. THEORY A. The Fluid Model We consider transient viscous flow in an axisymmetric tube (Fig.1.). The flow is assumed to be laminar, Newtonian, viscous and incompressible. The incompressible NavierStokes equations are used as the governing equations. For boundary conditions, we assume that the tube have no axial motion, that no slipping takes place between the fluid and the wall and that no penetration of the fluid through the tube wall occurs. The pressures at the inlet and outlet of the tube are prescribed. This yields the following:…
1) bladder fills progressively until the tension in its walls rises above a threshold level; this elicits…