Title: Double Replacement Reactions (Data and Calculations) Objective: Classify the chemical reaction through observation‚ which each reagent produce when mixed with another reagent. After careful observation‚ be able to prove each observation using the net ionic equation. Background: First‚ a double-replacement reaction is when two cations in different compound switch anions‚ AX + BZ → BY. If either compounds are insoluble a precipitate occurs‚ and if there is no precipitate formed there is
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aluminum chloride‚ fuming sulfuric acid‚ acetyl chloride‚ chromic acid‚ iodoform‚ Lucas’ test‚ Anilide formation‚ ester formation‚ hydrolysis‚ hydroxamic acid‚ Benedict’s test‚ Chromic test‚ 2‚4-Dinitrophenylhydrazine‚ Fehling’s solution‚ Schiff’s reagent‚ Tollen’s test‚ bromine water‚ cerric ammonium nitrate‚ ferric chloride‚ esterification‚ sodium bicarbonate‚ silver nitrate‚ Barfoed’s test‚ Borax Test‚ Bial test‚ Osazones‚ Seliwanoff’s test‚ Molisch test‚ Beilstein test‚ hydroxamic test‚ sodium
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TEST | REAGENTS | PROCEDURE | RATIONALE/PRINCIPLE | POSITIVE REACTION | PHENYLHYDRAZINE | phenylhydrazine | | The aldehyde groups of simple carbohydrates will react with phenylhydrazine but instead of yielding typical phenylhydrazones they make what is termed osazones where the OH group immediately adjacent to the keto group is oxidized to a keto group and it too adds phenylhydrazine to form the yellow to pale orange osazones that have definite melting points. So assignment of presumptive identity
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BIOMOLECULES 1.What are macromolecules? Give examples. Macromolecules are large complex molecules that occur in colloidal state in intercellular fluid. They are formed by the polymerization of low molecular weight micromolecules. Polysaccharides‚ proteins‚ and nucleic acids are common examples of macromolecules. 2. Illustrate a glycosidic‚ peptide and a phospho-diester bond. (a) Glycosidic bond is formed normally between carbon atoms‚ 1 and 4‚ of neighbouring monosaccharide units. (b) Peptide
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Course: Principles of Biochemistry I & Biochemistry I Class: BS- Bioinformatics & BS-Biosciences Lab Instructor: Ms. Sadia Jabeen Lab Protocol #
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The limiting reagent it CuCl2 because it is the one that will run out first compared to the .009 moles of Na2Cl3‚ which it the excess reagent because it is a higher amount of moles compared to the .007 moles of the CuCl2. The amount of excess reagent in grams that should remain in solution if the theoretical yield of CuCO3 is produced is: 1 mole of CuCl2 (63.55) +(2*35.45) =134
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Exercise 1: Correct Use of the Scientific Method and an Experiment with Macromolecules I. Objectives In this lab‚ students will: a.) Learn how to utilize the Scientific Method to develop a testable hypothesis b.) Generate an effective experimental design from a hypothesis c.) Understand the chemical differences between different macromolecules and how these differences can be used to design tests for each molecule. d.) Identify macromolecules in solutions using chemical analyses. e.) Practice
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test tubes remained standing for 5 min‚ with occasional shaking. After allowing adequate time for the reactions to occur‚ the test tubes were observed to determine if there was any colour change. Results Table 1: Reactions of Alcohols with Lucas Reagent and KMnO4 Oxidizing Agent 1-butanol (Primary Alcohol) 2-butanol (Secondary Alcohol) 2-methyl-2-propanol (Tertiary
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the ninth tube was labelled ‘Negative control. all the sample tubes 1b‚ 2b‚ 3b and positive control b‚ 0.5 ml of reagent 1 and 50 µl of reagent 2 and 0.5ml of saline was added ‚and To the sample tubes 1a‚ 2a and 3a and positive control a‚ 1.0 ml of 0.9% saline and 50 µl of reagent 2 was added to them and To the negative control tube‚ 600 µl 0.9% saline‚ 0.5 ml reagent 1 and 50 µl reagent 2 was added and all 9 tubes were placed in 37oC water bath for 15 minutes to allow the reaction to finish‚ the
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To determine if the reaction had gone to completion‚ a Starch/Iodine test was conducted. A change in the strip to a deep blue color would signal an excess of sodium hypochlorite reagent present. An excess is the reagent symbolizes the end of the reaction because there is no longer any reactant left to consume reagent. After the reaction was deemed completed‚ the product was isolated and purified by ether extraction‚ aqueous extraction and evaporation. To determine how sodium hypochlorite acts as
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