with either 85% phosphoric acid or concentrated sulfuric acid [1]. The objective of this experiment is to dehydrate 3-methyl-3-pentanol to obtain the product mixture of isomeric alkenes 3-methyl-2pentene and 2-ethyl-1-butene. Then use the gas chromatography to separate the product mixture and analyze the composition [2]. [pic] [pic] [pic] Figure1: Table of Reagents |Name |Molecular Weight |Density |Melting Point
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Section 1 Purpose: The purpose of this lab was to separate plant pigments using chromatography‚ calculate Rf values using the collected data‚ and study photosynthesis with isolated chloroplasts. Light energy Light energy Background Information (Activity A): In photosynthesis‚ plant cells convert light energy into chemical energy that is stored in sugars and other organic compounds. It is an endergonic and anaerobic reaction. Critical to the process is chlorophyll‚ the primary photosynthetic pigment
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Unit 4 Review. 1. Which is not a method for collecting a toolmark on a doorframe? a. casting that portion of the doorframe b. photography b. removing that portion of the frame c. making a rubbing of the mark on the frame 2. Which tool most likely made these striations? a. pry bar b. screwdriver c. Pliers d. bolt cutter 3. Analysis of radial cracks from three impacts revealed that cracks from A stopped at cracks from Z. Cracks from Z stopped at cracks from B. Which is the correct order of the impacts
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C7 Further Chemistry OCR 21st Century: 2011 specification Made by Nabilah Chowdhury Copyrighted References: OCR 21st Century Further Sciences Book‚ CGP: OCR 21st century + various internet sources Topic 1: Green Industry Brief Intro 14/06/13 Natural resources are converted into useful products. Bulk chemicals produced on a large scale b/c there is a larger demand for them. Fine chemical are produced on a smaller scale. They’re used as feedstock’s
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Lab Protocol #8 - Dehydration of 3‚3-dimethyl-2-butanol KEYWORDS: alkenes‚ E2‚ E1‚ carbocation stability‚ elimination A. Introduction. The dehydration of alcohols is an ELIMINATION reaction that is commonly used to form alkene molecules. The mechanism for the dehydration of alcohols consists of transforming the –OH functional group into a better leaving group by using a strong acid to protonate the alcohol. After –OH has been transformed into –OH2+‚ it becomes easier to break the σ-bond between the
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------------------------------------------------- Impacts of Applications of Chemistry on Society and the Environment ------------------------------------------------- Open Ended Investigation Madeline De-Sanctis INTRODUCTION From the earliest times‚ Chemistry has played a pivotal role in the advancement and enrichment of civilization‚ although sometimes it has also caused harmful and occasional long-reaching catastrophic effects on the environment. The importance of this sphere of science can
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properties and non-volatiles (sugars‚ organic acids and phenolic acids). The volatile components of manually squeezed calamansi juices were extracted using dichloromethane and headspace solid-phase microextraction‚ and then analysed using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry/flame ionisation detector‚ respectively. A total of 60 volatile compounds were identified. The results indicated that the Vietnam calamansi juice contained the highest amount of volatiles. Two principal components obtained from
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The injector‚ column and detector temperatures were maintained at 57° C‚ 180° C and 50° C‚ resp. The concentrations of volatile fatty acids and alcohols were determined by a second GC thereof model‚ which was equipped with a flame ionization detector and a 10 mx 0.53 mm Hewlett Packard FFAP fused silica capillary column‚ according to the procedure described by Yu and Fang (2000) procedures. The glucose concentration
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A Level Science Applications Support Booklet: Chemistry A Level Science Applications Support Booklet: Chemistry Contents INTRODUCTION....................................................................................................................................1 1 – THE CHEMISTRY OF LIFE .............................................................................................................2 1.1 – Introduction ........................................................................
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monomer styrene first has to be purified before it can be used. The purification is performed in order to remove inhibitors and impurities‚ which can have a detrimental effect on the reaction. Styrene is purified by passing the monomer through a column of activated basic aluminum oxide and by this treatment the inhibitors and impurities are adsorbed. The styrene used in this laboratory experiment has already been purified in this way‚ and has then been kept in a refrigerator to prevent thermal
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