ß-carotene‚ chlorophyll-A‚ and chlorophyll-B from spinach using column chromatography. Spinach was dehydrated using ethanol‚ and the pigments were extracted with dichloromethane. The spinach extracts were dried using CaCl2. Then‚ the solid pigments were run through a column using a non-polar solvent‚ hexane. The polar absorbent material in the column separated the different pigments by allowing the least polar molecules to travel through the column faster than the more polar molecules. The different pigment
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PAPER AND THIN-LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY Lab 47 Michael Stravino‚ CHM 2211L‚ June 3‚ 2012 Abstract Thin-Layer Chromatography and Paper Chromatography can be used to identify identical compounds‚ unknown compounds‚ the number of components in a mixture‚ as well as other important uses not explored in this laboratory. This experiment explores these techniques to identify an unknown amino acid by TLC and analyze food colors using paper chromatography. By using 2.0 mL of dimethoxyethane and 18 mL of
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filtration is a non-adsorptive chromatography technique that separates molecules on the basis of molecular size. Desalting and buffer exchange are two special examples of gel filtration that are widely used in many downstream bioprocesses. Desalting is used to completely remove or lower the concentration of salt or other low molecular weight components in the sample while buffer exchange replaces the sample buffer with a new buffer. Gel filtration is one of the easiest chromatography methods to perform because
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the sample for gas chromatography. Introduction: Distillation has been used since antiquity to separate the components of mixtures. This method has been used to manufacture different organic chemicals but the most recent application is the refining of petroleum in order to produce fuels‚ lubricants and petrochemicals. In this experiments‚ the separation of 2 distilates were carried out using the differences in boiling points and the data was used for a gas chromatography test. Objectives:
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|Lesson one – Atomic structure and mass | |1. How to represent atoms. |Starter – what is an atom? What do we call the particles that make up an |Can represent atoms showing atomic number |Model of an atom. |Atomic mass worksheet | |2. The relative masses of protons‚
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of this experiment was to oxidize an alcohol (9-hydroxyfluorene) to a ketone (9-fluorenone) using aqueous sodium hypochlorite (bleach) as the oxidizing agent‚ while introducing techniques used in microscale experiments. Reaction: Results 1. Recrystallized Product Yield Product yield = (actual yield/theoretical yield) x 100% 3mL 9-hydroxyfluorene x (1mL/1000mL) x (0.09 mol/L) = 2.7 x 10-4 moles 0.05g 9-fluorenone / (180.20g/mol) = 2.77 x 10-4 moles Product yield: (0.000277 mol/0.00027 mol) x
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yielding a 95.8% recovery rate. As for the organic compound‚ 0.166g of fluorene was secured and its respective melting point range was 116.0 C – 117.0 C. The identity of final acidic product was revealed through the comparison in melting points of the three known products. The melting point range matched up similarly with 3-chlorobenzoic acid. The experiment began with 0.210g of the mixture of an unknown acid and fluorene. The yield in products
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Beam Chopping corrects for flame emission but not for scattering. Can distinguish the signal of the flame from the atomic line at the same wavelength. The higher the absorbance the higher the transmittance. Intro to IR Near IR- (0.78 to 2.8 micrometers) Mid IR- (2.5- 50 micrometers) Far IR- (50-1000 micrometers) Most common region used is Mid IR btwn 2.5- 15 micrometers Mid IR: based on diffracting gratings but now current instrumentation are of Fourier transform type Far-IR: useful
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made me think that we did something wrong and our results would not be accurate. Crystallization: Part B: Start Finish % Recovery Expected Remaining Sulfanilamide 0.093g 0.059g 68.6% 0.034g Part C: Start Finish % Recovery Expected Remaining Fluorene 0.044g 0.018g 48.6% 0.026g Melting Points: Compound Literature Melting
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CH3I Before coming to lab‚ please review the following techniques: "Reluxing a reaction‚" "Extraction and washing‚" "Drying an Organic Solvent‚" "Evaporating an Organic Solvent‚" "Analyzing a Solution by Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC)‚" "Separating Mixtures by Column Chromatography‚" and "Characterizing Compounds by IR." Notice that this lab brings together most of the techniques that we have used this semester. Then complete the following table before coming to class so that you will be prepared
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