13 g/mol 36 oC -134 oC 0.662 g/ml Hydrobromic Acid HBr 80.91 g/mol 126 oC -11 oC 1.490 g/ml 2-Bromo-2-MethylButane C5H11Br 151.05 g/mol 107 oC 1.18 g/ml Sodium bicarbonate NaHCO3 84.007 g/mol Decomposes at melting point unknown 2.159 g/ml Diethyl ether C2H5OC2H5 74.12 g/mol 34.6 °C −116.3 °C 0.7134 g/ml In this lab we use electrophilic addition of a hydrogen halide to an alkene to make 2-bromo-2-methylbutane. Electrophilic addition
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http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/DisplayMSDSContent.do (accessed Mar 14‚ 2012). 2Iodine; MSDS No. 451045 [Online]; Sigma-Aldrich: St. Louis‚ MO‚ 1999. http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/DisplayMSDSContent.do (accessed Mar 14‚ 2012). 3Diethyl ether; MSDS No. 673811 [Online]; Sigma-Aldrich: St. Louis‚ MO‚ 1999. http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/DisplayMSDSContent.do (accessed Mar 14‚ 2012). 4Water; MSDS No. W4502 [Online]; Sigma-Aldrich: St. Louis‚ MO‚ 1999. http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/DisplayMSDSContent
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Micro-extraction of urine and/or stomach contents and analysis by TLC Abstract Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) is one of the oldest chromatographic techniques used for the identification of compounds and for determination of the presence of trace impurities. The aim of the experiment was to determine two unknown samples (X and Y) by comparing results to the known standard drugs‚ of which there was five‚ using a specific TLC method. The same technique was used for the determination of
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Cam-Ha Nguyen Abstract: Using hypochlorous acid to convert secondary alcohol called cyclododecanol to the corresponding ketone which is cyclododecanone by oxidation. Procedures: Gilbert‚ John and Stephen F. Martin. Experiment Organic Chemistry: A Miniscale & Microscale Approach. Belmont‚ CA: Thomson Brooks/Cole‚ 2010. 537-547. Print. Data/ Results: Synthesis of cyclododecanone: Cyclododecanol | 0.2691 (g) | Sodium hypochloride | 2.300 (ml); positive for 1 time test (purple/black)
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Extraction of Caffeine from Tea Leaves Introduction Caffeine is soluble in boiling water and as a result it is easily extracted from tea bags by steeping in hot water. This process leaves behind the water insoluble portions of the tea bag. However‚ water extracts more than just caffeine‚ so a final separation is done with an organic solvent that will dissolve primarily caffeine. The organic solvent used in this experiment is Dichloromethane (CH₂Cl₂). Dichloromethane is less polar than water
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affecting the rate of evaporation (1) Nature of Liquids : The magnitude of inter-molecular forces of attraction in liquid determine the speed of evaporation. Weaker the inter-molecular forces of attraction larger is the extent of evaporation. In diethyl ether rate of evaporation is greater than that of ethyl alcohol. (2) Temperature : The rate of evaporation of liquids varies directly with temperature. With the increase in the temperature‚ fraction of molecules having
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A hygrometer UK /haɪˈɡrɒmɪtər/ is an instrument used for measuring the moisture content in the atmosphere. Humidity measurement instruments usually rely on measurements of some other quantity such as temperature‚ pressure‚ mass or a mechanical or electrical change in a substance as moisture is absorbed. By calibration and calculation‚ these measured quantities can lead to a measurement of humidity. Modern electronic devices use temperature of condensation (the dew point)‚ or changes in electrical
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solute and the solvent. A1. For Water-Soluble Compounds: Acetone – Water: Hydrogen bonding and van der Waals forces Acetone – Diethyl Ether: Dipole – (induced) dipole and van der Waals forces Sucrose – Water: Hydrogen bonding and van der Waals forces Ethyl alcohol – Water: Hydrogen bonding and van der Waals forces Ethyl alcohol – Dietheyl Ether: Dipole – (induced) dipole and van der Waals forces For Acidic Compounds: Benzoic Acid – NaOH: Ion – (induced) dipole and van der Waals
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1. Introduction Plumbago zeylanica L. belonging to the family Plumbaginaceae is an important plant of medicinal value. In the Arabian Peninsula‚ it is mainly distributed over Oman‚ Yemen and the Southwestern region of Saudi Arabia. The use of the roots of P. zeylanica for treating skin problems has been recorded by early Muslim physicians. P. zeylanica is greatly valued in Ayurveda for treatment of cough‚ asthma and gastrointestinal disorders. In Sushrutha Samhitha it has been described as antiseptic
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International Islamic University Malaysia‚ Kuantan campus DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY KULLIYYAH OF SCIENCE SBT 4534 ANALYTICAL METHODS FOR FUNCTIONAL FOODS & NUTRACEUTICALS LABORATORY REPORT LAB 2: FAT & OIL FROM OIL-SEEDS: PART II THIN LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY ANALYSIS (TLC) COORDINATORS: ASSOC. PROF. DR. JAMALUDDIN BIN MOHD DAUD ABDUL AZIM ADNAN 1016741 INTRODUCTION TLC chromatography or thin layer chromatography is a type of planar chromatography
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