in nonracemic form directly from an achiral precursor. First‚ racemic ibuprofen was converted to aN achiral ketene via the acid chloride by adding thionyl chloride followed by triethylamine. Then‚ ketene was reacted with a chiral and nonracemic (S)-ethyl lactate produces a mixture of diasteromeric esters of ibuprofen derivatives where (S) configuration is predominantly. Finally‚ hydrolysis of the ester then provides (S)-ibuprofen in a relatively high yield. all reaction were monitored by TLC at room
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Department of Food Science and Technology‚ Faculty of Agriculture‚ AL-Azhar University‚ Cairo‚ Egypt Abstract: This work aimed to evaluate the efficiency of different organic solvents such as‚ methanol‚ ethanol‚ dichloromethane‚ acetone‚ hexane and ethyl acetate for extraction of ( flavonoids and polyphenolic compounds(TFC and TPC respectively) from the orange peel. Also‚ the effect of these solvents on the yield percentage‚ chelating activity‚ antioxidant/radical scavenging capacity and reducing power
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pigments were separated and concentrated from a crude spinach extract through the use of column chromatography and an eluatropic series of hexanes‚ hexane/acetone‚ and methanol. The pigments were analyzed using thin layer chromatography with a 30% ethyl acetate/hexane developing solvent. Introduction: Chromatography is a technique used to separate a mixture of two or more components based on differences in their physical properties. It can be used as a method of purification (and can be used on
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Introduction Esters are among the most widespread of all naturally occurring compounds. Many simple esters are pleasant-smelling liquids that are responsible for the fragrant odors of fruits and flowers. Examples are benzyl acetate‚ which is finding in orange oil‚ and isopentyl acetate‚ which is the part of banana oil. The ester linkage is also present in animal fats and in many biologically important molecules. Esters can be formed from both organic and inorganic acids and the process of producing
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INTRODUCTION – NEED FOR BIO-FUELS The recent upheavals in the oil market leading to record oil prices‚ have again turned the world attention to alternative sources of energy. A number of them are being researched Nuclear energy‚ Hydrogen energy‚ Wind energy‚ Solar energy & Bio-energy. Use of nuclear energy and hydrogen energy for civilian purposes are in very nascent stages. Fuel cells are more promising‚ but they are yet to be put in commercial practice. Wind energy and solar energy
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Although this is a possible reason the desired product still formed. Column chromatography was chosen to purify the compound because it can purify almost any mixture of solids and/or liquids. Using a solvent mixture that was composed of 15% ethyl acetate in hexanes‚ the product eluted straight from the column. It was predicted that the starting material would elute first but there was none present when the column was ran. Since there was not much of a separation‚ what eluted from the column was
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preparation of aspirin and oil of wintergreen | Introduction Organic compounds are those which contain carbon as well as a select other elements. An organic acid however‚ is an organic compound which contains acidic properties. An ester is an example of being a derivative of these organic acids. Esters can be prepared by the reaction of carboxylic acids and alcohols‚ with an inorganic acid used as a catalyst which is dubbed esterification. With o-hydrobenzoic acid‚ or salicylic
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known or accepted value. METHODOLOGY I. Materials 50-mL graduated cylinder 125-mL flask Electronic balance Block of wood Watch glass 25 centavos coin Tongs 10.00 mL pipet Pipet bulb Metric ruler Distilled water Liquid sample (Ethyl acetate) II. Procedure A. Density of Water 1. Weigh a clean dry graduated cylinder. 2. Add exactly 20 mL Distilled Water in the graduated cylinder. 3. Weigh the graduated cylinder with Distilled water. 4. Make sure that all the data are recorded
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Carbon and Its Compounds Carbon: Introduction Atomic Number: 6 Electronic Configuration: 2‚ 4. Valence electrons: 4 Property: Non-metal Abundance:- Carbon is the 4th most abundant substance in universe and 15th most abundant substance in the earth’s crust. Compounds having carbon atoms among the components are known as carbon compounds. Previously‚ carbon compounds could only be obtained from a living source; hence they are also known as organic compounds. Bonding In Carbon:- The Covalent
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compound that shifted alkane group by “2”‚ and the signal at 2 indicate the alkane group must be attached with carbonyl group. Thus‚ all the information collected from NMR suggested that the product of fisher esterification was (1‚3-dimthylbutyl) acetate. A number of errors could have occurred in this experiment‚ which could have limited the amount of desired product yield. First‚ if not enough acid catalyst was used‚ protonation of the carbonyl group on the carboxylic acid would have been difficult
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