ABSTRACT Apple guavas are abundant in the Phillipines and have been known for their high nutritional value and herbal properties. The peeling of the fruit Psidium guajava is known to contain a significant amount of glucose‚ a simple sugar which is essential in the fermentation process in ethanol making. The study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of apple guava peelings as a potential source of ethanol. The peelings underwent many processes to obtain absolute apple guava ethanol(100%)
Premium
common biofuel worldwide‚ particularly in Brazil and USA which is produced from several biomass feedstocks and different technologies [].The ethanol production methods are respectively‚ enzyme digestion (to release sugars from stored starches)‚ fermentation of the sugars‚ distillation and drying. The distillation process requires significant energy input for heat‚ often unsustainable natural gas
Premium Yeast Carbon Ethanol
type or metabolism. • Aerobic respiration – Final electron receptor is oxygen (O2) • Anaerobic respiration – Final electron acceptor is an inorganic molecule (not O2) • Fermentation – Final electron acceptor is an organic molecule Aerobic respiration C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O ∆G = -686kcal/mol of glucose ∆G can be even higher than this in a cell • This large amount of energy must be released in
Free Cellular respiration Adenosine triphosphate
were found to be NaCl 200 g L−1‚ glucose 12.5 g L−1‚ peptone 3.0 g L−1‚ MgCl2.6H2O 5.5 g L−1‚ CaCl2 2.8 g L−1‚ MnSO4 1.5 g L−1‚ K2SO4 3.0 g L−1‚ KNO3 5.5 g L−1‚ pH 7‚ and inoculum 2% at 40 °C and about 3.4 fold (from 6 to 20.26) enhancement of protease production has been achieved by optimizing the conditions. Lately enzyme media optimization has been widely reported. Protease activity from Lysinibacillus fusiformis AU01 in presence of trisodium citrate 2.5 g L−1‚ yeast extract 3.6 g L−1‚ pH 7.9‚ and
Premium Nutrition Marketing Food
Endergonic- anabolism 2. Protein Synthesis (Polymerization)‚ making cell parts Cellular Respiration * Aerobic Respiration 1. Glycolysis 2. Formation of acetyl CoA 3. Krebs Cycle 4. Oxidative Phosphorylation Glycolysis * Glucose goes into the cycle… * 6 Carbon to 2‚ 3 Carbon molecules‚ called Pyruvic acid * Occurs in cytoplasm (cytosol) * Net ATP of 2 (because you used 2 in the beginning)‚ 2 pyruvic acids‚ 2 NADH * GLYCOLYSIS CAN BE DONE WITH OR WITHOUT OXYGEN
Free Cellular respiration Adenosine triphosphate Citric acid cycle
By examining where and when genes are expressed in a cell or organism‚ one can acquire valuable hints to its function‚ for genes compile the genetic make-up of an organism and exploring the function of genes is helping to uncover the complexity of ourselves and of other forms of life (1). Significant developments have been made in gene monitoring techniques specifically in DNA microarrays which only very recently revolutionized genome expression analysis (1). Despite continuous improvements and
Premium DNA Gene Genetics
synthesized by living systems and are important in synthetic as well as degradative process. Amylases are starch degradative enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of internal a-1‚ 4-0-glycosidic bonds in polysaccharides such as starch in to simple sugar (glucose and maltose). It is produced by a variety of living organisms ranging from bacteria‚ fungi to plants and humans. Enzymes are catalysts of biological processes. They are synthesized in cells by the normal machinery of protein synthesis. The structure
Free Enzyme
VINEGAR FERMENTATION VINEGAR BACKGROUND Vinegar is one of several fermented foods prepared and used by early man; and like others‚ wine‚ beer‚ bread‚ and certain foods from milk‚ its discovery predates the earliest historical records. The word “vinegar” is derived from two French words‚ “vin” and “aigre” meaning sour wine‚ but the term is now applied to the product of the acetous fermentation of ethanol from a number of sources. (ConnerHubert‚ 1976). Vinegar has played an important but little-emphasized
Premium Vinegar
for photosynthesis: Water + Carbon dioxide à Glucose + Oxygen 6H2O + 6CO2 C6H12O6 + 6O2 Process by which plants and some other organisms use light energy to convert water and carbon dioxide into oxygen and high-energy carbohydrates such as sugars and starches Chloroplast- site of photosynthesis Cellular Respiration- process that releases energy by breaking down glucose and other food molecules in the presence of oxygen; Aerobic
Premium Cell
their thing‚ become 12 PGAL molecules. 2 of those PGALs go off to the cytosol to form glucose. (2x3C will make one 6C glucose) 10 of the PGALs (3C each remember = 30C) form 6 RuBP (5C molecules…6x5 =30!) So it takes 6CO2 coming in to end up with a glucose… BUT‚ actually only one CO2 gets dealt with at a time‚ so it takes 6 turns of the cycle to end up with a glucose… Briefly? CO2‚ NAPDH‚ ATP come in. Glucose‚ NAPD‚ ADP come
Premium Photosynthesis Carbon dioxide Oxygen