Crystallization and Melting Points Organic Chemistry 221 9/19/2012 Intro/Purpose: The purpose of this lab was to use crystallization to separate a compound from a solvent and be able to choose the best solvent to do so. Then identify an unknown and verify purity using melting points. Solubility contributes to crystallization; because a solute has lower solubility at lower temperatures‚ which makes the solvent separate from the solution as a solid. This process is important to understand because
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IGCSE Complete Chemistry Notes Unit 1: States of matter Everything is made of particles. Particles in solid are not free to move around. Liquids and gases can. As particles move they collide with each other and bounce off in all directions. This is called random motion. In 2 substances‚ when mixed‚ particles bounce off in all directions when they collide. This mixing process is called diffusion. It’s also the movement of particles without a force. The smallest particle
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POLYMER DATA HANDBOOK *Home *Browse/Search Contents *Browse by Polymer Class *Browse the Index *Online help Copyright © 1999 by Oxford University Press‚ Inc. EDITED BY JAMES E. MARK‚ UNIVERSITY OF CINCINNATI PUBLISHED BY OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS The online version of the Polymer Data Handbook includes key data on over two hundred polymers. Please note that entries are presented as PDF files and can only be read using Adobe Acrobat Reader Version 3. If you do not have the freeware reader‚
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1) What is the purpose of ice or cold water? To cool down the gas so that it condenses and turns into a liquid. 2) when the gas collecting tube is upside down‚ give a property of this gas. It is less dense than air. 3) Why is a pencil used in drawing the origin line in chromatography? If pen was used‚ it will dissolve giving colours and so‚ the experiment won’t be accurate. Pencil doesn’t interfere with the results. 4) When using ethanol‚ give a better apparatus arrangement‚ and why? Cover
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Abstract: This paper reports a lab experiment done on the ideal gas law to determine differences in gas based upon their “R” constant difference to 0.082057. A total of seven gases were tested‚ which included‚ Ethanol‚ Hexane‚ Cyclohexane‚ Pentane‚ Ethyl Acetate‚ Butane and Acetone. These gases were each heated and then condensed to liquid gas to find specific values and determined Ethanol as the gas closest to ideal behavior in this experiment. Introduction: The Ideal Gas Law
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reactions are performed in a heated water bath at 60 C for 2 hours. Note the exact reaction time in seconds! After 2 hours the polymerization is stopped by immersing the test tubes in an ice bath. The contents in the tubes are dissolved in 40 mL of toluene and the different polymers are then precipitated by adding the solutions slowly‚ drop-by-drop‚ into 400 mL of methanol under vigorous stirring. It is very important that the solution is added dropwise
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TABLE OF CONTENT Content Page Introduction Type of Distillation Column Operation of Distillation Column Application in Industry Drawing of simple PFD Problems solving 1.0 INTRODUCTION Distillation is defined as a process in which a liquid or vapour mixture of two or more substances is separated into its component fractions of desired purity‚ by the application and removal of heat. Distillation is the most commonly used separation process in the chemistry and petrochemical industry‚ mostly
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Chapter 3 3.1 Identify the functional groups in each of the following molecules: O C NH2 H N O C OH H C CH2 (a) (b) O (c) Solutions: a. b. c. d. Amide‚ double bond Amine‚ carboxylic acid Double bond‚ ketone‚ ester O OCH3 (d) CH2OH Aromatic ring‚ double bond‚ alcohol (a) Alcohol (d) Amine (b) Aromatic ring (e) both ketone and amine (c) Carboxylic acid (f) two double bonds 3.2 Propose structures for simple molecules that contain the following functional groups:
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IGCSE PRE-AICE CHEMISTRY 0620 OFFICIAL STUDY GUIDE Notes: To avoid any confusion concerning the symbol for litre‚ dm3 will be used in place of l or litre.Valence electrons are known as valency electrons for this test. Nature of Matter The states of matter are solid‚ liquid‚ and gas‚ in respective order of kinetic energy. State of Matter | Definite Volume | Definite Shape | Solid | Yes | Yes | Liquid | Yes | No | Gas | No | No | Diffusion:
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isomer that is missing from column 1 of Model 1. (2 points) 2. Draw ten skeletal representations constitutional isomers missing from column 2 in Model 1 as you can. (Hint: Other than cyclohexane‚ there are 11 ways to draw a six-carbon backbone that contains a ring. Plus there are isomers of cyclohexane that do not contain a ring.) (10 points) 3. Are any constitutional isomers missing from Column 3 in Model 1? A good way to answer this and similar questions is to start by drawing all
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