pretreatment of the algae Ulva reticulata will increase the percentage of ethanol produced. Two batches of sample will be prepared. The first will serve as a control. The second will be subjected to maceration. The two batches will undergo dilute acid hydrolysis. The sugar released will then be fermented to produce ethanol. The ethanol yield of the two batches will then be compared. The result of the comparison will justify the effect of mechanical pretreatment on the bioethanol yield from Ulva reticulata
Premium Biofuel Ethanol fuel Cebu
David Noviski CHM 244 B Dr. Bauman Isuru Wanigasooriyage Rachel Oliverio 11/1/16 Analysis of Anthocyanins and Anthocyanidins in Blackberries‚ Raspberries‚ and Blueberries Abstract The purpose of this experiment was to isolate anthocyanins‚ decompose them into their components (anthocyanidins)‚ and to analyze the anthocyanins‚ and their corresponding anthocyanidins using paper chromatography‚ and spectrophotometric analysis procedures. Based on experimental data the blueberries
Premium Cell Oxygen Chemistry
............................................................................................4 3.1. Concentrated Acid Hydrolysis Process .....................................................................5 3.2. Dilute Acid Hydrolysis ............................... .............................................................5 3.3. Enzymatic Hydrolysis ......................... ......................................................................5 3.4. Wet Milling Processes
Premium Ethanol fuel Ethanol Internal combustion engine
Hydrolysis of ATP is needed to release energy‚ thus the hydrolysis reaction that occurs is an exothermic reaction (Crofts‚ 1996). Hydrolysis is the reaction with water whereby a compound is decomposed (Kim‚
Premium Muscle Myosin Muscle contraction
commonly used in quality control of fat and oil. Fats and oils are one of the large variety and important sources in the world. It contains acidity which is the result of the degree of breakdown of the triacylglycerols by a chemical reaction known as hydrolysis or lipolysis generally. Fresh and healthy oils or fats may also have significant amounts of acidity. This fact is usually due to the errors during the biosynthesis or extraction of oils from fruits. Oils and fats that produced from low quality fruit
Premium Fatty acid
Title: Investigation of action of saliva and hydrochloric acid in two carbohydrate solutions. Objective: To determine the action of amylase and hydrochloric acid in two carbohydrates solutions Apparatus and equipments: 1. Boiling tube 2. Metal test tube racks 3. Beaker 4. Graduated plastic dropper 5. Water bath‚ ~37ᵒC 6. Water bath‚ ~95ᵒC Materials: 1. Carbohydrate solution A 2. Carbohydrate solution B 3. Benedict’s solution 4. 3M Hydrochloric acid 5. 3M Sodium hydroxide Procedures: 1. Two
Premium Starch Enzyme Disaccharide
(condensation) and hydrolysis reaction. Include a diagram to illustrate both 6. What’s the biological relevance of dehydration and hydrolysis reactions ― that is of being able to assemble polymers from monomers and to disassemble polymers into monomers? Biological polymers (proteins‚ polysaccharides‚ nucleic acids) and lipids are assembled by dehydration synthesis; they are disassembled into their monomers (or into glycerol + fatty acids in the case of lipids) by hydrolysis reactions. 7. Explain
Premium Protein Atom Chemical bond
negative test Yellow – color change – positive test 6. MaConkey’s Agar Positive control - E.coli Selective for negative gram stain . Differential for organism that could ferment lactase Growth pink – positive No growth – negative 7. Gelatin Hydrolysis ( Gelatinase) Positive control – P.aeruginosa Liquid –positive test Solid - Negative test 8. Blood agar Positive control – S. aureus A. Betahemolysis B. alphahemolysis C. gammahemolysis 9. FTM *broth – O2 relationship with 10. MRVP (mix
Premium Gram staining Enzyme Bacteria
Topic 8a – Carbonyl compounds Revision Notes 1. Introduction • Aldehydes and ketones are carbonyl compounds • They contain the carbonyl group C=O • The functional group in aldehydes is –CHO on the end of a chain e.g. ethanal CH3CHO • The functional group in ketones is C=O not at the end of a chain e.g. propanone CH3COCH3 2. AS Recap • Primary alcohols are oxidised by acidified potassium dichromate. An aldehyde is produced first and this can be further oxidised
Premium Fatty acid Carboxylic acid Alcohol
1. Functions of Soap Soap primarily serves as a dirt remover and a cleanser. It is used in bathing‚ cleaning‚ and also as a lubricant. Oil‚ grease‚ and other forms of dirt do not dissolve in water. Conversely‚ soap can suspend these in such a way that it can be discarded through its ability to act as an emulsifying agent. This emulsifying agent enables the dispersion of liquid into another immiscible liquid. In this manner‚ oil does not mix with water whereby able to induce dirt. 2. Raw materials
Premium Sodium hydroxide Soap Sodium chloride