OBJECTIVE: 1. To distinguish the bacteria abilities to metabolize various substrates and end products formed. 2. To observe the growth of different bacteria species in term of structures and its morphology based on different chemical substance applied. 3. To observe physiological and immunological properties utilized by different species of bacteria. INTRODUCTION: Bacteria biochemical testing can determine the types and numbers in terms of colony forming units of bacteria present in a
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Experiment 1: Isolation of Casein from Milk * pH of milk – 6.6 * milk = 87.1% water‚ 4.9 % CHO 3.9 %‚ fats‚ 0.7% minerals Experiment 2: Protein Hydrolysis and Characterization | Reagents | Principle | Test for | Positive Result | Negative Result | Biuret | CuSO4‚ NaOH | Complexation of Cu+2 with amide N atoms | Polypeptide bonds | Violet/purple solution | Blue color solution | Sakaguchi | 10% NaOH‚ 0.02% α-naphtol solution‚ 2% NaOBr | arginine condenses with α-naphtol and NaOH
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because contact with water would hydrolyze it into acetic acid and hydrogen chloride. In fact‚ if handled in open air it gives off white smoke owing to the hydrolysis from the moisture in the air. The "smoke" is actually small droplets of hydrochloric acid formed by hydrolysis. http://www.chemguide.co.uk/organicprops/amides/background.html Hydrolysis Acetic anhydride dissolves in water to approximately 2.6% by weight.[10] Aqueous solutions have limited stability because‚ like most acid anhydrides
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Biuret Test Biuret Test • Biuret Test is a chemical test used to show/detect the presence of peptide bonds‚ which are the basis for the formation of proteins. Explanation In the presence of peptides‚ copper (II) ion forms a violet-colored coordination complexes in an alkaline solution. This test can be used to asses the concentration of protein because peptide bonds occur with the same frequency per amino acid in the peptide. According to Beer-Lambert Law‚ the intensity of the color and hence
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aeruginosa. By looking at the table provided by Dr. Jackson‚ I could see that these test results of a positive ornithine decarboxylation‚ a negative indole production‚ a positive urea hydrolysis‚ and a negative methyl red test indicated this organism. Test Ornithine Decarboxylation Indole Production Urea Hydrolysis Methyl Red Test Result Positive result Negative result Positive result Negative
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polysaccharides (starch). 6.Condensation reactions can join glycerol molecules to fatty acids to form triglycerides. Hydrolysis * Hydrolysis is the reverse of dehydration synthesis. Here a molecule of water is added to break the bonds between the subunits and break the larger molecules down into their smaller components. * Water molecules are used up in hydrolysis. * When you add water to a polypeptide it breaks down into dipeptides or
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ester formation‚ hydrolysis‚ hydroxamic acid‚ Benedict’s test‚ Chromic test‚ 2‚4-Dinitrophenylhydrazine‚ Fehling’s solution‚ Schiff’s reagent‚ Tollen’s test‚ bromine water‚ cerric ammonium nitrate‚ ferric chloride‚ esterification‚ sodium bicarbonate‚ silver nitrate‚ Barfoed’s test‚ Borax Test‚ Bial test‚ Osazones‚ Seliwanoff’s test‚ Molisch test‚ Beilstein test‚ hydroxamic test‚ sodium hydroxide hydrolysis‚ complex copper formation‚ ninhydrin test‚ nitrous acid‚ alkaline hydrolysis and‚ Zinc and ammonium
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reaction might be biologically important. Answer: Hydrolysis: Hydrolysis uses water (and various enzymes) to break down molecules into smaller‚ simpler molecules. This occurs by breaking a bond on the reactant and adding a hydrogen atom to one part‚ and a hydroxyl (-OH) to the other. The result is 2 simpler molecules. Macromolecule + Water molecule + molecule This process aids us in controlling blood sugar‚ by the hydrolysis of glycogen to glucose. Glycogen + Water + (Enzymes)
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University of Phoenix Material Animation: The Digestive System Hydrolysis of Sucrose After viewing the animation‚ answer these questions: 1. The enzyme sucrase breaks the disaccharide Sucrose into two monosaccharides: Glucose ‚ or sugar‚ and fructose ‚ or fruclose sugar. 2. Where does this reaction occur? This reaction occurs on the surface of the instetina epithelial (mucosal) cell surfaces. 3. For hydrolysis to occur‚ the sucrose must bind to what part of the sucrase enzyme
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10. Cysewski G.R.‚ Wilke C.R.‚ (1976). Utilization of cellulosic materials through enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation of hydrolysate to ethanol and single cell protein. Biotechnol. Bioeng.18: 1297– 1313. 11. Dale B.E.‚ Moreira M.J.‚ 1982. A freeze explosion technique for increasing cellulose hydrolysis. Biotechnol. Bioeng. Symp. 12‚ 31-43. 12. Taherzadeh MJ‚ Karimi K (2007). "Acid-based hydrolysis processes for ethanol from lignocellulosic materials: A review" 13 18. Wheals‚ A. E.; Basoo
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