-APPLICATION OF ENZYMES IN ORGANIC CHEMISTRY Why enzymes in organic synthesis? | Alternative to chemical methods: * High region- and stereoselectivity * Milder reaction conditions * Environmentally more friendly | Which enzyme(s)? | OxidoreductasesHydrolasesLyasesIsomerases | Which reaction system? | AqueousAqueous and water-miscible organic solventAqueous and water-immiscible organic solventPure organic solventOther solvents (supercritical fluids‚ ionic liquids) | Which ‘chemistry’
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down of maltose into glucose. Lipases in pancreatic juice break down fats into fatty acids and glycerol‚ while proteinases continue the break down of proteins into amino acids. The gall bladder‚ located next to the liver‚ secretes bile into the duodenum. While bile does not contain enzymes; it contains bile salts and other substances that help to emulsify (dissolve) fats‚ which are otherwise insoluble in water. Breaking the fat down into small globules allows the lipase enzymes a greater surface area
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Majeed Thaika Year 10-11 ------------------------------------------------- Contents 1 Cells…………………………………………………………………….…..pg-05 -Animal and plant cells (pg-05) -Specialised cells (pg-06) -diffusion (pg-07) -osmosis (pg-08) 2 Plants…………………………………………………………..………….pg-09 -photosynthesis (pg-09) -Factors affecting photosynthesis (pg-10) -Plants and minerals (pg-11) 3 Food Chains and Cycles………………………...………………….pg-12 -Food chain (pg-12) -Energy transfer (pg-13) -Pyramids of biomass
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(NAPE) by NAPE-phospholipase D (NAPE-PLD) [18-20]. After release‚ these endocannabinoids eliminated by a two-step mechanism consisting membrane transport and enzymatic hydrolysis [14]. 2-AG is hydrolyzed and deactivated primarily by monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) also through a recently described serine hydrolase a/b-hydrolase domains‚ ABHD6 [20-21]. Anandamide hydrolyzed and degraded mainly through fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) [19‚ 22]. It has been shown that FAAH and MAGL inhibitors intensify
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Liver Gall Bladder Stomach Duodenum Jejunum Ileum Large intestine Rectum Pancreas Spleen Kidney Urinary Bladder Pyloric sphincter Gastrin Secretin Lipase Enterogastrone Salivary amylase Pepsin Villi Trachea Larynx Lungs (know the various lobes) Epididymus Vas deferens Ovaries Uterus/Uterine horn Penis Testis
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Infographic Project Enzymes are organic catalysts produced by living organisms which aid in the progression of specific biochemical reactions without undergoing any permanent chemical changes themselves. They are complex‚ conjugated proteins necessary and required to sustain life. Today‚ enzymes are also used world-wide in a variety of different industrial applications such as the production of paper‚ wine fermentation‚ and bio-remediation. One of the most important industrial applications
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Science End Of Year Revision: Biology 1. Animal and Plant cells 2. Specialized animal and plant cells 3. The 7 life processes: 4. A group of SIMILAR CELLS is called a TISSUE. A group of DIFFERENT TISSUES forms an ORGAN. A GROUP OF ORGANS working together from an ORGAN SYSTEM‚ or even a WHOLE ORGANISM. CELLS TISSUE ORGAN ORGAN SYSTEM 5. Example of this sequence in plants. …which‚ with other tissues make up a leaf (an ORGAN)… …which‚ with other tissues
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Ad1 Digestion is the mechanical and chemical breaking down of food into smaller components‚ to a form that can be absorbed‚ for instance‚ into a blood stream. Digestion is a form of catabolism; a break down of macro food molecules to smaller ones. The digestive process also involves creating waste to be eliminated. The digestive track (gut) is a long twisting tube that starts in the mouth and ends at anus. It’s made up of a series of muscles that coordinate the movement of food and other cells that
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may cause microcomedonal inflammation . Propionibacterial lipase hydrolyzes sebaceous triglycerides to produce free fatty acids . As a main metabolic acid product‚ propionate (Fig 1) is an irritant and contributes to the severity of the acne inflammation . Triggered by high bacterial cell density‚ P. acnes possess quorum sensing mechanisms through autocrine signal processes which upregulate extracellular enzyme production‚ such as lipase protease‚ hyaluronate lyase‚ and neuraminidase . These excretions
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w w Name ap eP m e tr .X Candidate Number w Centre Number om .c s er UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS General Certificate of Education Advanced Subsidiary Level and Advanced Level 9700/02 BIOLOGY Paper 2 Structured Questions AS October/November 2005 1 hour 15 minutes Candidates answer on the Question Paper. No Additional Materials are required. READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write your Centre number‚ candidate number and name in the spaces provided at the top of this
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