data that should be obtained from a patient. 4. Describe pH and the mechanisms that regulate acid-base balance. 5. Describe the common causes‚ pathophysiology‚ compensatory mechanisms‚ and clinical manifestations of respiratory and metabolic acidosis and alkalosis. 6. Interpret arterial blood gas results. 7. Identify the signs and symptoms of inadequate oxygenation and the implications of these findings. 8. Describe the different oxygen delivery systems‚ indications for use‚ and complications
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4. Describe some possible causes of respiratory alkalosis. Hyperventilation caused by panic attacks‚ fever and anxiety along with travel to high altitudes may cause respiratory alkalosis. ACTIVITY 2 Rebreathing 1. DescribewhathappenedtothepHandthecarbondioxidelevelsduringrebreathing.Howwelldidtheresultscomparewith your prediction? They both increases as I thought they would. 2. Describe some possible causes of respiratory acidosis. Depression of the respiratory center in the medulla
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Edwards ∗ Buckinghamshire Chilterns University College‚ Chalfont Campus‚ Newland Park‚ Gorelands Lane‚ Chalfont St. Giles‚ Buckinghamshire HP8 4AD‚ United Kingdom Accepted 13 May 2007 KEYWORDS Acid base balance; Arterial blood gases; Acidosis; Alkalosis Summary There are many disorders/diseases that lead to changes in acid base balance. These conditions are not rare or uncommon in clinical practice‚ but everyday occurrences on the ward or in critical care. Conditions such as asthma‚ chronic
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some possible causes of respiratory alkalosis. ___ ___ ___ Activity 2 Rebreathing Describe what happened to the pH and the carbon dioxide levels during rebreathing. How well did the results compare with your prediction? ___ ___ ___ Describe some possible causes of respiratory acidosis. ___ ___ ___ Explain how the renal system would compensate for respiratory acidosis. ___ ___ ___ Activity 3 Renal Responses to Respiratory Acidosis and Respiratory Alkalosis Describe what happened to the concentration
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Compensation: Remember that long standing respiratory acidosis (CO2 retention) results in compensatory metabolic alkalosis (raised Bicarbonate) and pH moves towards near normal‚ similarly long standing metabolic acidosis results in compensatory respiratory alkalosis such as in DKA [pic] In case of metabolic acidosis‚ now work out Anion Gap. Anion gap= [Na+ - (Cl- +HCO3 ) Normal values 10-14 mmol/L Normal anion gap metabolic acidosis (Hyperchloraemic) Causes include: GI or renal
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neutral. An acid solution has a pH less than 7 and an alkaline solution has a pH greater than 7. Blood is slightly alkaline(pH 7.35 to 7.45);yet if it drops below 7.35 the person has acidosis‚even though the blood may never become truly acidic. If the blood pH is greater than 7.45 the person has alkalosis ACID BASE REGULATION
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Acid-Base Balance and Fluids and Electrolytes Student’s Name Institutional Affiliation Date Due Respiratory Acidosis Respiratory acidosis refers to a medical defect in which hypoventilation occurs leading to increased concentration of carbon dioxide in the blood and decreased level of pH. Decreased pH in the blood is generally known as acidosis. The body cells continuously respire and release carbon dioxide. The lungs may fail to efficiently expel the CO2. This condition is known as alveolar
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Respiratory Acidosis and Alkalosis Activity 1: Normal Breathing 1. At 20 seconds‚ pH = 7.4 2. At 40 seconds‚ pH = 7.4 3. At 60 seconds‚ pH = 7.4 4. Did the pH level of the blood change at all during normal breathing? If so‚ how? No‚ it stayed at 7.4 5. Was the pH level always within the “normal” range for the human body? Yes 6. Did the PCO2 level change during the course of normal breathing? If so‚ how? No‚ it stayed at 40mm Hg Activity 2a: Hyperventilation – Run
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record your answers in the spaces below. Submit this completed document by the assignment due date found in the Syllabus. Please make sure that your answers are typed in RED. Please type your Bobby Rivera and 4023166: Respiratory Acidosis and Alkalosis Activity 1: Normal Breathing 1. At 20 seconds‚ pH = 7.40 2. At 40 seconds‚ pH = 7.40 3. At 60 seconds‚ pH = 7.40 4. Did the pH level of the blood change at all during normal breathing? If so‚ how? No 5. Was
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Arterial Blood Gas Interpretation (ABG) Arterial Blood Gas Analysis is used to measure the partial pressures of oxygen (PaO2)‚ carbon dioxide (PaCO2)‚ and the pH of an arterial blood sample. Oxygen content (O2CT)‚ oxygen saturation (SaO2)‚ and bicarbonate (HCO3-) values are also measured. A blood sample for ABG analysis may be drawn by percutaneous arterial puncture from an arterial line. The ABG analysis is mainly used to evaluate gas exchange in the lungs. It is also used to assess integrity of
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