PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FOR THE HEALTH PROFESSIONS CHAPTER 6: FLUID‚ ELECTROLYTE‚ AND ACID-BASE IMBALANCES Fluid Imbalance Review of Fluid Imbalance -Water carries nutrients into cells and removes wastes‚ transports enzymes in digestive secretions‚ and moves blood cells around the body. Fluid Compartments -Approximatley 60% of an adult’s body weight consists of water -Infant’s body weight is about 70% -Fluid is distributed between the intracellular compartment (ICF)‚ or fluid inside the
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Fluid‚ Electrolyte‚ and Acid-Base Balance: Introduction to Body Fluids 1. a. Where are fluids absorbed? ____________________ b. Where are excess fluids and electrolytes lost?____________________ 2. Name four of the six functions of water. a. b. c. d. 3. a. The amount of water in the body depends on the amount of ________________. b. From the CD‚ list the person with the highest and lowest percentage of water and give the percentage. 1. Highest ___________________ _______% 2. Lowest
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role. False Severe damage to the respiratory system rarely will result in acid-base imbalances. False Respiratory acidosis results when lungs are obstructed and gas exchange is inefficient. True Prolonged hyperventilation can cause alkalosis. True Thirst is always a reliable indicator of body water need. False Blood acidity results in depression of the CNS‚ whereas blood alkalosis results in overexcitement of the CNS.
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Chapter 6 Study Guide Fluids‚ Electrolytes‚ and Acid-Base balance Compartmental Distribution of Body Fluids 2/3 of the body’s water is contained in the ICF‚ the remaining 1/3 is in the ECF ICF fluid volume is regulated by proteins and other non-diffusible organic compounds in cells Interstitial fluids (IF) act as a transport vehicle for gasses‚ nutrients‚ wastes‚ and other materials 14%-16% of body weight Reservoir for maintenance of vascular volume; used during hemorrhage
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Alterations in Fluids‚ Electrolytes‚ and Acid-Base Balance Composition & Compartment Distribution of Body Fluids ← Body fluids are distributed between the intracellular fluid (ICF) and extracellular fluid (ECF) compartments. The ICF compartment consists of fluid contained within all of the billions of cells in the body. It is the larger of the two compartments‚ containing approximately two thirds of the body water in healthy adults. ← The remaining one third of body water is in
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____________________________________________________________________________ 7.35 7.45 5. a. Normal arterial pH is ______________ to ______________. b. What is the pH in alkalosis? ____________________ alkalosis refers to an excess of base in the blood that causes the pH to rise ab Acidosis refers to an excess c. What is the pH in acidosis? _____________________ of acid in the blood that causes the pH to fall belo Page 1 of 3 BIO1014 Anatomy and Physiology II Lab © 2013 South University 6.With ketoacidosis
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changes. 15. Describe the influence of the respiratory system on acid-base balance. 16. Describe how the kidneys regulate hydrogen and bicarbonate ion concentrations in the blood. 17. Distinguish between acidosis and alkalosis resulting from respiratory and metabolic factors. Describe the importance of respiratory and renal compensations to acid-base balance. Developmental Aspects of Fluid‚ Electrolyte‚ and Acid-Base Balance 18. Explain why infants and the aged are at greater
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activity are located in the walls of the GI tract organ. (854) 2) The chemical and mechanical processes of food breakdown are called digestion. (852-853) 3) The function of the hepatic portal circulation is to collect absorbed nutrients for metabolic processing and storage. (881) 4) When we ingest large molecules such as lipids‚ carbohydrates‚ and proteins‚ they must undergo catabolic reactions whereby enzymes split these molecules. This series of reactions is called chemical digestion. (854)
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significant block in a metabolic pathway resulting either in accumulation of substrate behind the block or deficiency of the product. All IEMs are all genetically transmitted typically in an autosomal recessive or X-linked recessive fashion. The major categories are: Organic acidemias (e.g.‚ methylmalonic or propionic acidemia‚ multiple carboxylase deficiency) are caused by abnormal metabolism of proteins‚ fats or carbohydrates and are characterized by marked metabolic acidosis with ketosis‚ often
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BCMB 230 Final exam Fall 2011 1. Nephrons that control plasma volume are: a. cortical b. juxtamedullary c. juxtaglomerular d. both a and c 1. Hemoglobin that has carbon dioxide bound to it is called: a. Oxyhemoglobin b. deoxyhemoglobin c. carbaminohemoglobin d. hematopoietic 1. Urine moves from the kidney to the bladder by: a. collecting duct b. distal convoluted tubule c. descending loop of Henle d. capsular space 1. Nephrons with a short loop
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