index of 42090. It has the appearance of a reddish-blue powder. It is soluble in water‚ and the solution has a maximum absorption at about 628 nanometer. ------------------------------------------------- Chemistry It is a synthetic dye produced using aromatic hydrocarbons from petroleum.[1] It can be combined with tartrazine (E102) to produce various shades of green. It is usually a disodium salt. The diammonium salt has CAS number [2650-18-2]. Calcium and potassium salts are also permitted. It can also
Premium E number Food coloring
Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: The Nitration of Toluene Abstract This industrially important reaction of EAS: The Nitration of Toluene exhibits how the attack of a nitronium ion would give out major and minor products at different positions of toluene. This is an electrophilic substitution mechanism. Mixture of concentrated sulphuric and nitric acid will produce a nitronium ion‚ which will attack ortho-‚ meta- and para- positions at Toluene. (Mechanism at appendix). Introduction/Procedure
Premium Nitration Electrophilic aromatic substitution Sulfuric acid
RTECS number CY1400000 Jmol-3D images Image 1 [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] Properties Molecular formula CH Molar mass 78.11 g mol−1 Appearance Colorless liquid Odor aromatic‚ gasoline-like 6 6 Benzene 2 Density 0.8765(20) g/cm3 Melting point 5.5 °C‚ 278.7 K‚ 41.9 °F Boiling point 80.1 °C‚ 353.3 K‚ 176.18 °F Solubility in water 1.79 g/L (15 °C) Solubility soluble in alcohol‚ chloroform
Premium Benzene
Chemistry 3373F Lab Manual 2008 Modified 11/07 Table of Contents Chem 3373 Laboratory Schedule for Fall 2008.............................................................................2 The Benzoin Condensation of Benzaldehyde ..............................................................................3 Synthesis of Dilantin and Related Compounds (two weeks).........................................................6 Synthesis of an Alkaloid: Pseudopelletierine (two weeks) .............
Premium Hydrochloric acid Sulfuric acid Acetic acid
Introduction This reaction is designed to put functional groups onto aromatic rings. This is done through an electrophilic aromatic substitution where a positive species is strong enough to pull electrons out of the ring to bond it‚ and the ring pulls hydrogens in to rearomatize the ting is substitution. One way of doing this is through using a Friedel-Crafts method. If there are already substituents already on the ring the electrophilic attack of the carbocation or acylium ion so that the new group goes
Premium Melting point Sulfuric acid Yield
UNITED ARAB EMIRATES UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF SCIENCE DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY GUIDELINES FOR ORGANIC CHEMISTRY NON-MAJORS CHEM 181 By Dr. Haythem Ali Saadeh Fall‚ 2012 Course Title: ORGANIC CHEMISTRY for Non-Majors Course Number: CHEM 181 Prerequisite: General Chemistry Credit Hours: 2 Cr. Hrs. (comprises of 2 hrs. lecture per week) Course Instructor: Dr. Haythem Ali Saadeh h.saadeh@uaeu.ac.ae Textbook: “Organic Chemistry: A Short Course” By
Premium Functional group Chemistry Organic chemistry
NAME OF COURSE COURSE CODE CREDIT TOTAL STUDENT LEARNING HOURS PREREQUISITE LEARNING OUTCOME : : : : Organic Chemistry I CHM 3201 4 (3+1) 160 hours per semester : : None At the end of the course‚ students will be able to: 1. Define and explain the basic concepts in organic chemistry such as electronegativity‚ orbital hybridization‚ nomenclature‚ resonance and isomerism‚ as well as organic reactions mechanisms (C4‚ CTPS) 2. to conduct experiments that demonstrate the characteristic reactions
Premium Functional group Alcohol Carboxylic acid
appear in the 3000–2800 cm−1 range and the C–H stretching bands of methyl groups and methylene groups are readily differentiated. For methyl groups‚ asymmetric C–H stretching occurs at 2870 cm−1 ‚ while symmetric C–H stretching occurs at 2960 cm−1 . By comparison‚ methylene groups show asymmetric stretching at 2930 cm−1 and symmetric stretching at 2850 cm−1 . C–H bending gives rise to bands in the region below 1500 cm−1 . Methyl groups produce two bending bands‚ i.e. a symmetrical band at 1380 cm−1
Premium Infrared spectroscopy Amine Spectroscopy
Nitration and Purification of Bromobenzene Abstract: An electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction was performed on bromobenzene with nitric acid producing both 2-bromonitrobenzene and 4-bromonitrobenzene. Products of the reaction were purified through multiple recrystallizations and column chromatography creating multiple crops of a yellow powder. The percent yield of products was determined to be 51%. The melting point of Crop 1 was found to be 110-115 °C‚ and Crop 2 was found to be 37-90
Premium Electrophilic aromatic substitution Aromaticity Organic reaction
hypothesized the final ester would be octyl acetate. For test tube C I hypothesized it would be methyl salicylate. For test tube D I hypothesized it would be isopentyl acetate. Materials and Methods Apparatus 4 test tubes Test tube rack Graduated cylinder (10 mL) 150 mL beaker 250 mL beakers (2) Hot plate Thermometer Safety glasses Beaker tongs Test tube holder Reagents Methanol Methyl-2-propanol 1-pentanol 1-octanol Acetic acid Formic acid (methanoic acid) Salicylic acid
Premium Carboxylic acid Acetic acid