of the bromination of acetanilide (assign regiochemistry of bromo product - ortho/meta/para‚ why selective?) The regiochemistry of the product was para. The substituent presented on the benzene ring had nitrogen right next to the carbon of the benzene. The lone pair of nitrogen could delocalize over the benzene ring and activate it. An activating group was ortho or para directing because the carbocation formed by this arrangement gave the most stabilized resonance structures. The majority was the
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mistakes that may have been made during the titrations. II. Results A solution of “stomach acid” was created by mixing .6M (moles/liter) hydrochloric acid (HCl) with distilled water to create a solution with a volume of 75 milliliters (mL). Methyl red‚ an indicator that changes colour at a pH of 4.2-6.2‚ was added in order to determine the equivalence point (when amount of acid equals amount of base) of the titration. This was then titrated to the end point (the indicator’s colour change)
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over-titration had occurred | | 11.10 | 12.90 | 1.8 | | | 12.90 | 14.40 | 1.5 | | | 14.40 | 15.90 | 1.5 | | Methyl Orange | 15.90 | 16.90 | 1.0 | Reaction occurred quick‚ over-titration occurred and solution turned from red to orange | | 16.90 | 17.20 | 0.3 | | | 17.20 | 17.40 | 0.2 | | | 17.40 | 17.60 | 0.2 | | | 17.60 | 17.80 | 0.2 | | Methyl Red | 0.00 | 5.00 | 5.0 | | | 5.00 | 7.80 | 2.8 | Solution turned from red to a light orange/yellow color | | 7.80
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Introduction Methyl Salicylate has been used for a long time for its pleasant odour and flavour. The objective of this experiment was to carry an organic synthesis; the preparation of salicylic acid from methyl salicylate. To do an organic synthesis‚ it is needed to chemically modify the molecules of another compound to end up with the desire compound. Methyl salicylate is the major constituent of wintergreen oil‚ which is why it was used in this experiment as the starting material. The new technique
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CLASSIFICATION TESTS A. Acids There are relatively few suitable tests for carboxylic acids. Classification is based mostly upon solubility tests. If the compound is water soluble‚ test the aqueous solution of your compound with pH paper (also check the pH of the original water). If the compound is water-insoluble and it dissolves in 5% (1.5M) sodium hydroxide and 5% NaHCO3 solutions as performed in your solubility tests‚ it can be classified as a carboxylic acid. Establish an equivalence value
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Reaction: Kinetics Study of Hydrolysis Reaction of Methyl Formate Using An Acidic Ion Exchanger. Objectives : 1. To study the effect of high activation energy upon k values of methyl formate. 2. To report the rate law expression for decomposition of methyl formate. 3. To determine the integrated rate law for methyl formate. 4. To demonstrate how rate constants vary with temperature and activation energy. Chemicals and Apparatus : 1. Methyl formate (m.w. = 60.05 g/mol‚ d= 0.97 g/mol) 2. Methanol
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Upon addition of bromine‚ the brown color of bromine quickly disappears as the bromine adds to the double bond in the products. Addition of bromine to the fractional distillate caused the bromine to discolor. The addition of bromine to 2-methyl-cyclohexanol remains brown because there is an absence of double bound (saturation). Addition of potassium permanganate caused the solution to turn slightly brown but appeared immiscible as result of the unsaturation product. When analyzing the IR
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used. The reaction between alcohols and carboxylic acids will produce esters. Apparatus: Stopper‚ dropper‚ test tube‚ stopwatch‚ water bath‚ measuring cylinder (10ml) Chemical Reagents: Ethanol‚ n-Butanol‚ 2-Butanol‚ Alcohol X‚ Lucas reagent‚ 2-methyl-2-propanol‚ Concentrated H₂SO₄‚ 0.04 M Na₂Cr₂O₇‚ Glacial acetic acid Procedure (a) Lucas
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Contents Series Preface Preface Acronyms‚ Abbreviations and Symbols About the Author 1 Introduction Electromagnetic Radiation Infrared Absorptions Normal Modes of Vibration Complicating Factors 1.4.1 Overtone and Combination Bands 1.4.2 Fermi Resonance 1.4.3 Coupling 1.4.4 Vibration–Rotation Bands References 2 Experimental Methods 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Dispersive Infrared Spectrometers 2.3 Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectrometers 2.3.1 Michelson Interferometers 2.3.2 Sources and Detectors 2.3.3
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= 0.01 %D- = x100% %D- = x100% %DH+ = x100% %DH+ = x100% = 0.01% = 99.01% = 100.00% = 99.01% 3. DH = sulfonylureas At pH = 5 At pH =6.5 Metsulfuron-methyl (pK = 3.3) Metsulfuron-methyl (pK = 3.3) = 105 – 3.3 = 106.5 – 3.3 = 50.1187 = 1584.8932 %DH = x 100% %DH = x 100% = 1.96% = 0.063% Chlorsulfuron (pK = 3.7) Chlorsulfuron (pK = 3.7) = 105 – 3.7 = 106.5 – 3.7 = 19.9526
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