Lab 6: Organic Compound Analysis Isabella O’Toole CHY 116 Friday 1:15-4:00 Lab Conducted on 4-12-13 and 4-19-13 4-26-13 This lab was conducted in order to determine the chemical composition of an unknown organic acid. A known mass of acid was dissolved into 30mL of either water or methanol (depending on solubility) and titrated with standardized sodium hydroxide. Data from this allowed the molar
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losing a proton) using Acetic Anhydride as a source of an “Acyl” group to form an Amide. The Synthesis of Acetanilide (an Amide) through a Nucleophilic Acyl Substitution (addition / elimination) reaction between Aniline (an Amine) is acting as the Nucleophile and an Acyl group from Acetic Anhydride acting as the Electrophile. The Mechanism: The desired product is isolated from its impurities by differences in solubility. Soluble impurities remain in the cold solvent after recrystallization. The
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Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution Objective The objective of this experiment was to illustrate electrophilic aromatic substitution by synthesizing p-nitroanilide (as well as ortho) from acetanilide by nitration. The para form was separated from the ortho form based on solubility properties using recrystallization techniques. Synthetic equations: Physical Properties & Hazards of Reagents/Products: (all taken from Sigma-Aldrich website) Acetanilide MM = 135.16 g/mol Melting point =
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Scheme Br Br HNO3 / H2SO4 Mechanism The first step is the formation of the NO2 from the nitric acid: NO2 1.3) O O S N HO O O HO O N + H2O + HSO4- OH O The second step is the nucleophile attack of the bromobenzene on the NO2. The temperature is moderated to avoid the formation of ortho and meta products: Br Br O + H+ N O NO2 2. PROCEDURE 2.1) Reaction In a 100mL twin‐neck bottom fl
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In this experiment‚ the cyanide ion served three purposes: first of all‚ it acted as a nucleophile‚ then it stabilized the intermediate carbanion‚ and in the end functioned as a leaving group. The Benzoin produced was then in turn purified and used to synthesize Benzil in the next experiment through Copper (II) ion oxidation. The Benzil was
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Ricin is a toxic protein found in castor oil plant seeds. The toxicity of Ricin has been known for centuries and was even used by the KGB government to assassinate Georgi Markov‚ a famous journalist who openly criticized the Soviet Union’s communist regime. The toxicity of ricin is caused by its ability to deactivate ribosomes and halt protein synthesis. Therefore‚ Ricin is categorized as a ribosome inactivating protein (RIP). There are two types of RIPs: type I and type II. Type I RIPs are usually
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Catalysis: Midterm Review LECTURE 1: Sept 6th 2012 What is catalysis‚ Importance of catalysis‚ Industrial relevance‚ presentation of the course What is Catalysis: Catalyst: * catalyst is substance that increases the rate at which a chemical reaction approaches equilibrium‚ but is not consumed in the process * not reagent or product; noted above equation arrow * participates in kinetic equations‚ but not in eq constant Catalytic Cycle: * succession of chemical changes
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reactions‚ synthesis and the importance of the various classes of organic compounds‚ as well as optical isomerism. CONTENTS LECTURES : 1. Introduction CONTACT HOURS 4 Electronegativity. Ionic‚ covalent and polar covalent bonds. Bond breaking. Nucleophiles‚ electrophiles and free radicals. Lewis acid and Lewis base. Orbital hybridization: sp3‚ sp2‚ sp. Conjugated double bonds and resonance 2. Classification of organic compounds Nomenclature: homologues series‚ alkanes‚ cycloalkanes‚ alkene‚ alkynes
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First‚ the Alkyl Halide will leave the molecule. In this step the bond is breaking‚ which takes a longer amount of time‚ so it will determine the rate of the reaction. As a result‚ it forms a tertiary carbocation‚ since this is very stable‚ the nucleophile will quickly attack making the second step of this reaction proceed quickly. Process (150 mL) of stock .04M NaOH was placed into an Erlenmyer flask and set aside to fill the burette as needed. A 50:50 mixture of acetone and water was put
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EXERCISE 11 Synthesis of Aspirin (Acetylsalicylic Acid from Salicylic Acid) RAQUID‚ Rency J Group 5 18L I. Introduction Due to the demand of certain reagents in the laboratory in order to perform and conduct further experiments or produce essential compounds‚ chemists continuously develop organic synthesis. This process aims to prepare and synthesize desired organic compounds from commercially or readily available ones by providing the simplest route in synthesizing the compound
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