presence of a base‚ the aldol condensation occurs by a nucleophilic addition of the enolate ion (a strong nucleophile) to a carbonyl group. The final step‚ protonation‚ gives the desired aldol. In this lab‚ the Aldol condensation reaction took place in basic conditions‚ with NaOH and EtOH‚ however‚ this reaction can also take place in acidic conditions as well. The enol can serve as a weak nucleophile to attack a protonated carbonyl group. Mechanism: Side reactions: The first is an example
Premium Aldehyde Chemistry Carbonyl
Organometallic preparation and addition to carbonyls‚ Wittig reagent preparation and Wittig rxn‚ Wolff‚ H-based nucleophile carbonyl reduction‚ imine formation‚ reductive amination (rxn only)‚ ketal/acetal formation‚ dithiane chemistry (rxn only)‚ alpha-bromination of ketones‚ -COOH properties (the trends on HW4)‚ Fischer‚ acidic/basic hydrolysis of esters/amides/nitriles‚ CH2N2‚ acid chloride formation (rxn only)‚ acid chloride rxns with esters and amides. 2 Rxn of carboxyllic acid derivatives
Premium Amine Carbonyl Amide
Faculty of Science Undergraduate Modular Scheme Session 2010/2011 Semester 1 Level 3 ------------------------------------------------- MODULE: SM0260: Chemistry for Life Sciences ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- DATE: 17 January 2011 ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- TIME: 14.00 – 16.00 Instructions to Candidates This paper contains
Premium Electron Electron configuration Atom
UNIVERSITY OF SAN CARLOS DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY NAME: Maniwang‚ Ma. Aiza C. DATE: March 21‚ 2011 COURSE: BS Chemistry II APPROVED: ___________ PREPARATION OF AZO DYES ABSTRACT In this experiment‚ the azo dyes p-nitrobenzene azoresorcinol and methyl orange were prepared by the azo coupling reaction. The p-nitrobenzene azoresorcinol dye was prepared from p-nitroaniline and resorcinol. The diazonium salt formed was from the reaction of the cold solution of dissolved p-nitroaniline
Premium Azo compound Functional group Dye
The bromide ion‚ which acts as the nucleophile attacks from the back-side and bonds to the carbon atom. As a result‚ 1-bromobutane is formed and water is given off as the leaving group. SN1 Reaction Mechanism: The reactions that take place in the second part of the experiment all take place by way of an SN1 reaction. All of the reactions proceed with the same mechanism. SN1 reactions occur under solvolysis conditions‚ where the solvent serves as the nucleophile. The slow‚ rate-determining step
Premium Solvent Alcohol
t-Pentyl Chloride is a compound that is created through an SN1 nucleophilic substitution reaction in addition with Hydrogen Chloride in order to isolate the product. A variety of procedural techniques were utilized during the experiment including extraction‚ washing liquids‚ drying liquids‚ gravity filtration‚ and simple distillation. When a single solute or compound is transferred between two different solutes‚ it is known as extraction. Another technique that was utilized was washing‚ in which
Premium Water Hydrogen Chemical reaction
CHM 2210 – Fall 2012 – Test 4 Name (print):_________________________ 1. What is the IUPAC name for the following compound? a) b) c) d) 3-methyl-1-penten-4-yne 3-methyl-1-buten-4-yne 4-methyl-4-penten-1-yne 4-methyl-4-buten-1-yne 2. What is the major organic product obtained from the following reaction? 2 equiv Br2 a) b) c) d) 2‚3-dibromobutane 2‚2‚3‚3-tetrabromobutane 2‚3-dibromobutene 2‚2-dibromobutane 3. What is the best choice of reagent(s) to perform the following transformation
Premium Chlorine Chemistry Bromine
of aldehydes to primary alcohols. Borohydride‚ and Lithuim aluminum hydride are commonly used as reducing agents. We can note that both of these reagents have a (H-) anion‚ hence it will be a powerful base and also take the role of being the nucleophile. For the experiment sodium borohydride was used since its properties make it easier to be handled. In this experiment both the trans and the cis isomers of the 2-methylcyclohexanone were to be formed. This is due to the chiralty of the compound
Premium Alcohol Hydrogen Oxygen
anhydride was used to prepare acetanilide which could then be readily brominated to form a mono-brominated product‚ with the bromine positioned at either the ortho‚ meta or para position on the aromatic ring. Acetic anhydride is very reactive towards nucleophiles and this reactivity is the result of the difference in electronegativities of the carbon and oxygen atoms that are bonded in acetic anhydride. This difference in electronegativities causes one of the carbonyl groups in acetic anhydride to break
Premium Oxygen Atom Electric charge
the reaction to occur and to better control the stereochemistry and yield of the product‚ the metal hydride nucleophile of the reducing agents such as LiH‚ LiAlH4‚ or NaBH4 must be carefully chosen. Being that LiAlH4 and NaBH4 will not react with isolated carbon-carbon double bonds nor the double bonds from aromatic rings; the chosen compound can be reduce selectively when the nucleophile only react with electrophilic carbons. Figure 1: reduction mechanism for the reaction In this experiment
Premium Alcohol